Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27009220›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2016

Adaptive tolerance to a pathogenic fungus drives major histocompatibility complex evolution in natural amphibian populations.

Anna E Savage, Kelly R Zamudio

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
13.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Drivers of the likelihood of evolutionary rescue in response to novel infectious diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  8. Mitigation of chytridiomycosis onMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
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  20. Review

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anna E SavageDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA anna.savage@ucf.edu.
Kelly R ZamudioDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Google (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Amphibians have been affected globally by the disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and we are just now beginning to understand how immunogenetic variability contributes to disease susceptibility. Lineages of an expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II locus involved in acquired immunity are associated with chytridiomycosis susceptibility in controlled laboratory challenge assays. Here, we extend these findings to natural populations that vary both in exposure and response to Bd We find that MHC alleles and supertypes associated with Bd survival in the field show a molecular signal of positive selection, while those associated with susceptibility do not, supporting the hypothesis that heritable Bd tolerance is rapidly evolving. We compare MHC supertypes to neutral loci to demonstrate where selection versus demography is shaping MHC variability. One population with Bd tolerance in nature shows a significant signal of directional selection for the same allele (allele Q) that was significantly associated with survival in an earlier laboratory study. Our findings indicate that selective pressure for Bd survival drives rapid immunogenetic adaptation in some natural populations, despite differences in environment and demography. Our field-based analysis of immunogenetic variation confirms that natural amphibian populations have the evolutionary potential to adapt to chytridiomycosis.

Indexed as

Major Histocompatibility ComplexRanidaeAdaptive ImmunityAllelesAnimalsArizonaChytridiomycotaDisease SusceptibilityEvolution, MolecularMycosesPhylogenyPrevalenceSequence Analysis, DNAadaptationamphibianBatrachochytrium dendrobatidischytridiomycosisimmunogeneticsmajor histocompatibility complex

Identifiers

PMID27009220
PMCPMC4822461
OpenAlexW2314608875

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.