ReviewClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2016
Pneumococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Individuals: Are We Doing It Right?
Review in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023Guideline
- Half a century of pneumococcal vaccination in sickle cell disease: Are we winning the battle or losing immunity?Vaccine · 2026Review
- Serotype diversity and risk factors for pneumococcal carriage among healthy children in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A pre-vaccination cross-sectional study.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal vaccine hyporesponsiveness in people living with HIV: A narrative review of immunological mechanisms and insights from minimally invasive lymph node sampling.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Learning from inborn errors of immunity and secondary immune deficiencies about vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Deciphering Immune Responses to Immunization via Transcriptional Analysis: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence towards Personalized Vaccination Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The remarkable history of pneumococcal vaccination: an ongoing challenge.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2022Review
- Review
- Effects of Probiotic Mixture Supplementation on the Immune Response to the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in People Living with HIV.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal Immunization Strategies for High-Risk Pediatric Populations Worldwide: One Size Does Not Fit All.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Invasive bacterial diseases in northern Canada, 1999 to 2018.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2021Article
- A Review of Vaccinations in Adult Patients with Secondary Immunodeficiency.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Review
- Review
- Clinical practice guidelines 2019: Indian consensus-based recommendations on pneumococcal vaccination for adults.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2020Article
- Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Followed by Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination in Lung Transplant Candidates and Recipients.Transplantation direct · 2020Article
- Recent advances in the epidemiology and prevention ofF1000Research · 2020Review
- The effect of pneumococcal immunization on total and antigen-specific B cells in patients with severe chronic kidney disease.BMC immunology · 2019Article
- Adult vaccination for pneumococcal disease: a comparison of the national guidelines in Europe.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Controversy exists regarding the optimal use of the 23-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the protection of high-risk individuals, such as children and adults with immunocompromising conditions and the elderly. The effectiveness and immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) are limited in such high-risk populations compared to the healthy, with meta-analyses failing to provide robust evidence on vaccine efficacy against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) or pneumonia. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated a PPV23-induced state of immune tolerance or hyporesponsiveness to subsequent vaccination, where the response to revaccination does not reach the levels achieved with primary vaccination. The clinical significance of hyporesponsiveness is not yet clarified, but attenuated humoral and cellular response could lead to reduced levels of protection and increased susceptibility to pneumococcal disease. As disease epidemiology among high-risk groups shows that we are still in need of maximum serotype coverage, the optimal use of PPV23 in the context of combined conjugate/polysaccharide vaccine schedules is an important priority. In this minireview, we discuss PPV23-induced hyporesponsiveness and its implications in designing highly effective vaccination schedules for the optimal protection for high-risk individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.