ArticleBMJ case reports2016
Limbic encephalitis following immunotherapy against metastatic malignant melanoma.
Article in BMJ case reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune-related aseptic meningitis and strategies to manage immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- [Neurological side effects of checkpoint inhibitors].Der Nervenarzt · 2019Pooled it
- Autoimmune encephalitis induced by atezolizumab and bevacizumab therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with melanoma.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2024Review
- PD-1-induced encephalopathy: a report of 2 cases on neurological toxicities with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- MRI characteristics of chemotherapy-related central neurotoxicity: a pictorial review.Insights into imaging · 2024Review
- A comprehensive neuroimaging review of the primary and metastatic brain tumors treated with immunotherapy: current status, and the application of advanced imaging approaches and artificial intelligence.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A Case of Pembrolizumab-Induced Myasthenia Gravis.Cureus · 2023Article
- Stuttering as a signal of encephalopathy associated with toripalimab in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient: a case report.BMC neurology · 2023Article
- Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis following treatment with single-agent pembrolizumab for advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Immune Mechanism of Epileptogenesis and Related Therapeutic Strategies.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- [Pembrolizumab-associated autoimmune encephalitis in an elderly patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A clinical case].Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2021Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced aseptic meningitis and encephalitis: a case-series and narrative review.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2021Article
- Diagnosis and management of immune-related adverse effects of immune checkpoint therapy in the emergency department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2020Article
- Cancer Imaging and Patient Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2020Review
- Neurological adverse effects due to programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2020Review
- Neuropsychiatric Immune-related Adverse Events Induced by Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- Clinical diagnosis and treatment recommendations for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse reactions in the nervous system.Thoracic cancer · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Novel immunotherapies are increasingly being used to treat malignant melanoma. The use of such agents has been associated with triggering autoimmunity. However, there has been a paucity in reports of limbic encephalitis associated with these immunotherapies. Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death antigen (PD-1), is currently being trialled in the UK to treat malignant melanoma. We report a unique case of antibody-negative limbic encephalitis presenting 1 year after starting pembrolizumab, in the context of malignant melanoma. The patient presented with progressive cognitive decline. MRI of the brain revealed signal change within the limbic structures. Cerebrospinal fluid studies confirmed evidence of inflammation with raised white cell count and protein. We were able to prevent further progression of symptoms by stopping pembrolizumab and treating the patient instead with steroids. We advocate considering autoimmune neuroinflammation as a differential for neurological disorders presenting in patients receiving PD-1 antagonist treatment and immunotherapy in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.