ArticleGut microbes2016
The microbiota-derived metabolite indole decreases mucosal inflammation and injury in a murine model of NSAID enteropathy.
Article in Gut microbes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota metabolites in the immunoregulation of enteritis: research progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Durable Effect of Acupuncture for Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Pooled it
- Metabolomic signature of exposure and response to citalopram/escitalopram in depressed outpatients.Translational psychiatry · 2019Trial
- The Importance of the Gut-Muscle Axis: From Mechanistic Insights in Cell Culture and Rodent Models to Descriptive and Associative Evidence in Livestock.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Inflammatory gut-liver crosstalk: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota in NSAID Enteropathy: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives for Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrating host-microbiota metabolic networks: how aromatic amino acids shape immune homeostasis and affect disease progression.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Role of gut microbiota metabolites in maintaining intestinal health and preventing weaning-associated diarrhea in piglets.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
- Article
- Gut microbiota and disease.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota, Diet and Lipid Metabolism in Adolescents with NAFLD and Their Role in Preventive Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The role of gut microbiota in neuropathic pain: insights into immune mechanisms.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Exploring the etiology of colitis: insights from gut microbiota research.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Feeding the mind: preliminary insights into the effects of Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from black carrots on brain activity and gut microbiota in patients with cognitive impairments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Faecalcrobiota metabolites: emerging insights into cancer radiotherapy outcomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Tryptophan metabolism as a target in gut microbiota, ageing and kidney disease.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease with the Involvement of Microglia and Astrocyte Crosstalk and Gut-Brain Axis.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Microbial Tryptophan Metabolites Ameliorate Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Repairing Intestinal AhR-Mediated Gut-Bone Signaling Pathway.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Systematic Insights into the Relationship between the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Stroke with the Focus on Tryptophan Metabolism.Metabolites · 2024Review
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most frequently used classes of medications in the world. Unfortunately, NSAIDs induce an enteropathy associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although the pathophysiology of this condition involves the interaction of the gut epithelium, microbiota, and NSAIDs, the precise mechanisms by which microbiota influence NSAID enteropathy are unclear. One possible mechanism is that the microbiota may attenuate the severity of disease by specific metabolite-mediated regulation of host inflammation and injury. The microbiota-derived tryptophan-metabolite indole is abundant in the healthy mammalian gut and positively influences intestinal health. We thus examined the effects of indole administration on NSAID enteropathy. Mice (n = 5 per group) were treated once daily for 7 days with an NSAID (indomethacin; 5 mg/kg), indole (20 mg/kg), indomethacin plus indole, or vehicle only (control). Outcomes compared among groups included: microscopic pathology; fecal calprotectin concentration; proportion of neutrophils in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes; fecal microbiota composition and diversity; small intestinal mucosal transcriptome; and, fecal tryptophan metabolites. Co-administration of indole with indomethacin: significantly reduced mucosal pathology scores, fecal calprotectin concentrations, and neutrophilic infiltration of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes induced by indomethacin; modulated NSAID-induced perturbation of the microbiota, fecal metabolites, and inferred metagenome; and, abrogated a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in the small intestinal mucosa induced by indomethacin. The microbiota-derived metabolite indole attenuated multiple deleterious effects of NSAID enteropathy, including modulating inflammation mediated by innate immune responses and altering indomethacin-induced shift of the microbiota.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.