ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2016
Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: Impact of Vitamin D Binding Protein Assays on Racial-Genotypic Associations.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
24.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis across Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium provides evidence for an association of serum vitamin D with pulmonary function.The British journal of nutrition · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of High Dose Bolus Cholecalciferol on Free Vitamin D Metabolites, Bone Turnover Markers and Physical Function.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Total, Bioavailable, and Free 25(OH)D Relationship with Indices of Bone Health in Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Nutritional markers and proteome in patients undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis differ by geographic region.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Inflammation Modulation by Vitamin D and Calcium in the Morphologically Normal Colorectal Mucosa of Patients with Colorectal Adenoma in a Clinical Trial.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Trial
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Clinical and demographic characteristics associated with baseline and change with randomized vitamin D treatment.Contemporary clinical trials · 2019Trial
- Association of free vitamin DAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2018Trial
- Vitamin D binding protein rs7041 genotype alters vitamin D metabolism in pregnant women.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2018Trial
- Longevity of daily oral vitamin D3 supplementation: differences in 25OHD and 24,25(OH)2D observed 2 years after cessation of a 1-year randomised controlled trial (VICtORy RECALL).Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Trial
- Racial differences in calculated bioavailable vitamin D with vitamin D/calcium supplementation.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Effects of Cholecalciferol vs Calcifediol on Total and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Trial
- Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum and urinary vitamin D metabolites and binding protein in HIV-infected youth.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017Trial
- Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D2 Versus D3 on Total and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Markers of Calcium Balance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Trial
- Advances in the measurement of vitamin D binding protein.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Status, Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance among U.S. Non-Hispanic Black Women: a Complex-Survey Analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Genetic determinants of response to vitamin D supplementation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and the metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease-type 2 diabetes axis: a scoping-narrative review of global evidence and emerging perspectives for Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Review
- Understanding the role of vitamin D in osteosarcoma: A narrative review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and remnant cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Carrie M NielsonBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Kerry S JonesBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Rene F ChunBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Jon M JacobsBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Ying WangBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Martin HewisonBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
John S AdamsBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Christine M SwansonBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Christine G LeeBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Dirk VanderschuerenBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Steven PauwelsBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Ann PrenticeBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Richard D SmithBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Tujin ShiBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Yuqian GaoBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Athena A SchepmoesBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Joseph M ZmudaBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Jodi LapidusBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Jane A CauleyBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Roger BouillonBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Inez SchoenmakersBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Eric S OrwollBone & Mineral Unit (C.M.N., Y.W., C.M.S., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; School of Public Health (C.M.N., J.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge, UK CB1 9NL; Department of Orthopedics (R.F.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (J.M.J., R.D.S., T.S., Y.G., A.A.S.), Richland, Washington 99354; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (M.H.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT; University of California (J.S.A.), Los Angeles, California 90095; School of Medicine (C.M.S., C.G.L., E.S.O.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.G.L.), Oregon 97239; Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (D.V.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (D.V., R.B.), KU Leuven, 3000 Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.), KU Leuven, Belgium 3000; Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.P.), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Belgium; MRC Keneba (A.P.), Keneba, The Gambia; and Department of Epidemiology (J.M.Z., J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Oregon Health & Science University · USPacific Northwest National Laboratory · USKU Leuven · BEMRC Human Nutrition Research · GBUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · US
Funding
UCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0MOregon Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR000128 · NCATS · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI ELLISON, DAVID H · 2012 to 2015
$28.7MEquipment Supplement Request for a Research Resource for Ultra-sensitive High Throughput ProteomicsP41GM103493 · NIGMS · BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORIES · PI KELLY, RYAN T · 2012 to 2022
$22.6MOsteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) - San Francisco Coordinating CenterU01AR066160 · NIAMS · CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MED CTR RES INSTITUTE · PI CUMMINGS, STEVEN RON · 2013 to 2017
$9.3MVitamin D Metabolism in LeprosyP50AR063020 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ADAMS, JOHN S · 2012 to 2016
$7.8MOsteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) - MinneapolisU01AG042145 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ENSRUD, KRISTINE · 2013 to 2019
$5.3MOsteporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS)- Admin CenterU01AG027810 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI ORWOLL, ERIC S. · 2006 to 2017
$5.1M TRAINING IN ENDOCRINOLOGY, DIABETES, NUTRITIONT32DK007674 · NIDDK · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI KLEIN, ROBERT FREDERICK · 1993 to 2013
$3.1MOsteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) - PortlandU01AG042124 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI ORWOLL, ERIC S. · 2013 to 2019
$3.0MOsteoporatic Fractures in Men (MrOS)U01AG042168 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KADO, DEBORAH · 2013 to 2017
$3.0MOsteoporotic Fractures in Men (Mr. Os) Palo AltoU01AG042143 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEFANICK, MARCIA L. · 2013 to 2017
$3.0MOsteoporotic Fractures in Men (Mr.OS)U01AG042139 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI CAULEY, JANE ANN · 2013 to 2017
$2.9MMedical Research Council MC-A760-5QX00Medical Research Council MC_U105960371Medical Research Council U123261351NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000124NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000128NIAMS NIH HHS K01 AR062655NIAMS NIH HHS P50 AR063020NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR063910NIAMS NIH HHS U01 AR066160NIA NIH HHS U01 AG027810NIA NIH HHS U01 AG042124NIA NIH HHS U01 AG042139NIA NIH HHS U01 AG042140NIA NIH HHS U01 AG042143NIA NIH HHS U01 AG042145NIA NIH HHS U01 AG042168NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007674NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103493
Abstract
contextTotal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is a marker of vitamin D status and is lower in African Americans than in whites. Whether this difference holds for free 25OHOD (f25OHD) is unclear, considering reported genetic-racial differences in vitamin D binding protein (DBP) used to calculate f25OHD.
objectivesOur objective was to assess racial-geographic differences in f25OHD and to understand inconsistencies in racial associations with DBP and calculated f25OHD.
designThis study used a cross-sectional design.
settingThe general community in the United States, United Kingdom, and The Gambia were included in this study.
participantsMen in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men and Medical Research Council studies (N = 1057) were included. EXPOSURES: Total 25OHD concentration, race, and DBP (GC) genotype exposures were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: Directly measured f25OHD, DBP assessed by proteomics, monoclonal and polyclonal immunoassays, and calculated f25OHD were the outcome measures.
resultsTotal 25OHD correlated strongly with directly measured f25OHD (Spearman r = 0.84). Measured by monoclonal assay, mean DBP in African-ancestry subjects was approximately 50% lower than in whites, whereas DBP measured by polyclonal DBP antibodies or proteomic methods was not lower in African-ancestry. Calculated f25OHD (using polyclonal DBP assays) correlated strongly with directly measured f25OHD (r = 0.80-0.83). Free 25OHD, measured or calculated from polyclonal DBP assays, reflected total 25OHD concentration irrespective of race and was lower in African Americans than in US whites.
conclusionsPreviously reported racial differences in DBP concentration are likely from monoclonal assay bias, as there was no racial difference in DBP concentration by other methods. This confirms the poor vitamin D status of many African-Americans and the utility of total 25OHD in assessing vitamin D in the general population.
Indexed as
AdultAgedBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMaleVitamin DVitamin D-Binding ProteinWhite People25-hydroxyvitamin DVitamin DVitamin D-Binding Protein
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