ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2016
A Missed Summer Wave of the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic: Evidence From Household Surveys in the United States and Norway.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Age-specific mortality and the role of living remotely: The 1918-20 influenza pandemic in Kautokeino and Karasjok, Norway.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Article
- The US Public Health Service House-to-House Canvass Survey of the Morbidity and Mortality of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- Pandemic Reemergence and Four Waves of Excess Mortality Coinciding With the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Michigan: Insights for COVID-19.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2020Article
- Race and 1918 Influenza Pandemic in the United States: A Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
- Tuberculosis as a Risk Factor for 1918 Influenza Pandemic Outcomes.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2019Article
- 1918 pandemic morbidity: The first wave hits the poor, the second wave hits the rich.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
- Back to the Future: Lessons Learned From the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background. Reanalysis of influenza survey data from 1918 to 1919 was done to obtain new insights into the geographic and host factors responsible for the various waves. Methods. We analyzed the age- and sex-specific influenza morbidity, fatality, and mortality for the city of Baltimore and smaller towns and rural areas of Maryland and the city of Bergen (Norway), using survey data. The Maryland surveys captured the 1918 fall wave, whereas the Bergen survey captured 3 waves during 1918-1919. Results. Morbidity in rural areas of Maryland was higher than in the city of Baltimore during the fall of 1918, that was almost equal to that in Bergen during the summer of 1918. In Bergen, the morbidity in the fall was only half of that in the summer, with more females than males just above the age of 20 falling ill, as seen in both regions of Maryland. In contrast, more males than females fell ill during the summer wave in Bergen. Individuals <40 years had the highest morbidity, whereas school-aged children had the lowest fatality and mortality. Conclusion. A previously unrecognized pandemic summer wave may have hit the 2 regions of Maryland in 1918.
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