Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27006650›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2016

Prevalence of smoking and its associated factors with smoking among elderly smokers in Malaysia: findings from a nationwide population-based study.

K H Lim, K Jasvindar, S M Cheong, B K Ho, H L Lim, C H Teh, K J Lau, A Suthahar, D Ambigga

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Age, Period, and Cohort Analysis of Smoking Intensity Among Current Smokers in Malaysia, 1996-2015.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023
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  10. Promoting Healthy Behaviors in Older Adults to Optimize Health-Promoting Lifestyle: An Intervention Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

K H LimInstitute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
K JasvindarInstitute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
S M CheongInstitute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
B K HoKlang Health Department, Bandar Botanic Clinic, 41200 Klang, Selangor Malaysia.
H L LimMelaka Manipal Medical College, Jalan Pengkalan Batu, Bukit Baru, 75150 Melaka Malaysia.
C H TehInstitute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
K J LauSchool of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kuang Kerian, 15000 Kelantan, Malaysia.
A SuthaharFaculty of Medicine, University Teknologi Mara, Sg Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia.
D AmbiggaFaculty of Medicine and Defence Health, University of Defence, Kem Sg. Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Institute for Medical Research · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe determination of smoking prevalence and its associated factors among the elderly could provide evidence-based findings to guide the planning and implementation of policy in order to will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality of smoking-related diseases, thus increase their quality of life. This paper describes the rate of smoking and identifies the factor(s) associated with smoking among the elderly in Malaysia.

methodsA representative sample of 2674 respondents was obtained via a two-stage sampling method in proportion to population size. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a set of standardized validated questionnaire. Data was weighted by taking into consideration the complex sampling design and non-response rate prior to data analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the factor/s associated with smoking.

resultsThe prevalence of non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers among Malaysians aged 60 years and above were 36.3 % (95 % CI = 32.7-39.8), 24.4 % (95 % CI = 21.2-27.5) and 11.9 % (95 % CI = 9.5-14.3), respectively. Current smokers were significantly more prevalent in men (28.1 %) than in women (2.9 %), but the prevalence declined with advancing age, higher educational attainment, and among respondents with known diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Multivariable analysis revealed that males (aOR, 18.6, 95 % CI 10.9-31.9) and other Bumiputras (aOR 2.58, 95 % CI 1.29-5.15) were more likely to smoke. in addition, elderly with lower educational attainment (aOR, 1.70, 95 % CI 1.24-7.41) and those without/unknown hypertension also reported higher likelihood to be current smokers (aOR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.35-2.83). However, there were no significant associations between respondents with no/unknown diabetes or hypercholesterolemia with smoking.

conclusionsIn short, smoking is common among elderly men in Malaysia. Therefore, intervention programs should integrate the present findings to reduce the smoking rate and increase the smoking cessation rate among the elderly in Malaysia and subsequently to reduce the burden of smoking-related disease.

Indexed as

ElderlyMalaysianPopulation-based studyPrevalence of smoking

Identifiers

PMID27006650
PMCPMC4802631
OpenAlexW2311714214

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.