ArticlePediatrics2016
Neurocognitive and Academic Outcomes at Age 10 Years of Extremely Preterm Newborns.
Article in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03786497 (Protecting Brains and Saving Futures - the PBSF Protocol), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protecting Brains and Saving Futures - the PBSF Protocol: a Prospective Multicenter and Observational Study on the Use of Telemedicine for Neurocritical Care in High-risk Newborns in Brazil.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of premature birth and low birth weight on motor, visual, and cognitive skills and mental health in adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal metal(loid) exposure and preterm birth: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in school-aged preterm infants: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Cognitive Outcomes of Children Born Extremely or Very Preterm Since the 1990s and Associated Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression.JAMA pediatrics · 2018Pooled it
- Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Heart Rate Characteristics Monitoring Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2020Trial
- Early predictors of cognitive trajectories from birth to adolescence in children born extremely preterm.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Prenatal over-the-counter acetaminophen use and birth outcomes in the ECHO Cohort.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Neonatal inflammation predicts adolescent brain volume and neurologic outcomes in children born extremely prematurely.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prenatal Adversity and Neonatal Brain Connectivity Relate to Emerging Executive Function at Age 2 Years.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Investigating the interplay between prematurity and genetic variation in the context of rare developmental disorders.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Count of Neonatal Morbidities Predicts Outcomes at Age 10 and 15 Years in Infants Born Extremely Preterm.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- The transfusion of prematures early school age follow-up (TOP 5): protocol for a longitudinal cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Screening Blind Spot: Missing Preterm Infants in the Detection of Congenital Hypothyroidism.International journal of neonatal screening · 2025Article
- Gestational Age and Cognitive Development in Childhood.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The HYdrocortisone for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Respiratory and Developmental (HYBRiD) outcomes study: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- The impact of premature birth on auditory-visual processes in very preterm schoolchildren.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Banked term umbilical cord blood to meet the packed red blood cell transfusion needs of extremely-low-gestational-age neonates: a feasibility analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- The financial burden experienced by families during NICU hospitalization and after discharge: A single center, survey-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Do Bayley-III Composite Scores at 18-22 Months Corrected Age Predict Full-Scale IQ at 6-7 Years in Children Born Extremely Preterm?The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Interaction of hydrocortisone and illness severity on head growth in cohort of ELBW infants.Pediatric research · 2023Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveDespite reductions in mortality and morbidity among children born extremely preterm, they remain at high risk of neurocognitive deficits, with up to 40% having significant cognitive deficits at school age. We assessed the rate of neurocognitive impairment in a contemporary US cohort of 873 children aged 10 years who were born <28 weeks' gestation.
methodsThe families of 889 of 966 (92%) children enrolled from 2002 to 2004 at 14 sites in 5 states returned at age 10 years for a comprehensive assessment of IQ, language, attention, executive function, processing speed, visual perception, visual-motor function, and academic achievement.
resultsA total of 873 children were assessed with well-validated tests of cognitive and academic function. Distributions of test scores were consistently and markedly shifted below normative expectation, with one-third to two-thirds of children performing >1 SD below age expectation. The most extreme downward shifts were on measures of executive control and processing speed. Multivariate analyses, adjusted for socioeconomic status, growth restriction, and other potential confounders, revealed that the risk of poor outcome was highest at the lowest gestational age across all 18 measures.
conclusionsMore than half of our extremely preterm cohort exhibited moderate or severe neurocognitive deficits at age 10 years, with the most extensive impairments found among those born at the lowest gestational age. Children born extremely preterm continue to be at significant risk of persistent impairments in neurocognitive function and academic achievement, underscoring the need for monitoring and remediating such outcomes beginning in early childhood.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.