ReviewmBio2016
Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae: Emergence and Pathogenesis.
Review in mBio, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- A synopsis of competence-regulated virulence inVirulence · 2026Review
- Regulation of PBP2x Surface Localization byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Convergence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence inMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Bacterial and host factors affecting acquisition ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody candidate that targets bacterial GAPDH and protects neonatal mice from infections caused byAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Bacterial and host factors affecting acquisition ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genomic epidemiology ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Intranasal vaccination with probiotic Escherichia coli membrane vesicles displaying pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides elicits mucosal immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Observational
- Storage stability of non-encapsulated pneumococci in saliva is dependent on null-capsule clade, with strains carryingMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- An abundance ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Update on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Fluorescent antibody-based detection and ultrastructural analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in human sputum.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- First Genome-Phenome Characterization of Two NonencapsulatedInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- AliC and AliD of nonencapsulatedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Endolysins: targetingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Biological puzzles solved by usingJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Molecular and structural basis of oligopeptide recognition by the Ami transporter system in pneumococci.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Bacterial surface lipoproteins mediate epithelial microinvasion byInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Convergent impact of vaccination and antibiotic pressures on pneumococcal populations.Cell chemical biology · 2024Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While significant protection from pneumococcal disease has been achieved by the use of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, capsule-independent protection has been limited by serotype replacement along with disease caused by nonencapsulatedStreptococcus pneumoniae(NESp). NESp strains compose approximately 3% to 19% of asymptomatic carriage isolates and harbor multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Surface proteins unique to NESp enhance colonization and virulence despite the lack of a capsule even though the capsule has been thought to be required for pneumococcal pathogenesis. Genes for pneumococcal surface proteins replace the capsular polysaccharide (cps) locus in some NESp isolates, and these proteins aid in pneumococcal colonization and otitis media (OM). NESp strains have been isolated from patients with invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal disease, but noninvasive diseases, specifically, conjunctivitis (85%) and OM (8%), are of higher prevalence. Conjunctival strains are commonly of the so-called classical NESp lineages defined by multilocus sequence types (STs) ST344 and ST448, while sporadic NESp lineages such as ST1106 are more commonly isolated from patients with other diseases. Interestingly, sporadic lineages have significantly higher rates of recombination than classical lineages. Higher rates of recombination can lead to increased acquisition of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, increasing the risk of disease and hindering treatment. NESp strains are a significant proportion of the pneumococcal population, can cause disease, and may be increasing in prevalence in the population due to effects on the pneumococcal niche caused by pneumococcal vaccines. Current vaccines are ineffective against NESp, and further research is necessary to develop vaccines effective against both encapsulated and nonencapsulated pneumococci.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.