Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27006175›Full record

ArticleNeuro-oncology2016

Elevated levels of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with glioblastoma highly express S100A8/9 and arginase and suppress T cell function.

Paul R Gielen, Barbara M Schulte, Esther D Kers-Rebel, Kiek Verrijp, Sandra A J F H Bossman, Mark Ter Laan, Pieter Wesseling, Gosse J Adema

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuro-oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. IntratumoralJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026
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64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Paul R GielenTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.).
Barbara M SchulteTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.).
Esther D Kers-RebelTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.).
Kiek VerrijpTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.).
Sandra A J F H BossmanTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.).
Mark Ter LaanTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.).
Pieter WesselingTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.).
Gosse J AdemaTumor Immunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.R.G., B.M.S., E.D.K.-R., G.J.A.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.V., P.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.A.J.H.B., M.L.); Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.) gosse.adema@radboudumc.nl.
Radboud University Nijmegen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGliomas are primary brain tumors that are associated with a poor prognosis. The introduction of new treatment modalities (including immunotherapy) for these neoplasms in the last 3 decades has resulted in only limited improvement in survival. Gliomas are known to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that hampers the efficacy of (immuno)therapy. One component of this immunosuppressive environment is the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC).

methodsWe set out to analyze the presence and activation state of MDSCs in blood (n = 41) and tumor (n = 20) of glioma patients by measuring S100A8/9 and arginase using flow cytometry and qPCR. Inhibition of T cell proliferation and cytokine production after stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated beads was used to measure in vitro MDSC suppression capacity.

resultsWe report a trend toward a tumor grade-dependent increase of both monocytic (M-) and polymorphonuclear (PMN-) MDSC subpopulations in the blood of patients with glioma. M-MDSCs of glioma patients have increased levels of intracellular S100A8/9 compared with M-MDSCs in healthy controls (HCs). Glioma patients also have increased S100A8/9 serum levels, which correlates with increased arginase activity in serum. PMN-MDSCs in both blood and tumor tissue demonstrated high expression of arginase. Furthermore, we assessed blood-derived PMN-MDSC function and showed that these cells have potent T cell suppressive function in vitro.

conclusionsThese data indicate a tumor grade-dependent increase of MDSCs in the blood of patients with a glioma. These MDSCs exhibit an increased activation state compared with MDSCs in HCs, independent of tumor grade.

Indexed as

ArginaseBiomarkers, TumorBrain NeoplasmsCalgranulin ACalgranulin BGlioblastomaHumansLymphocyte ActivationMyeloid-Derived Suppressor CellsT-LymphocytesTumor Cells, CulturedArginaseBiomarkers, TumorCalgranulin ACalgranulin BarginasegliomaMDSCsS100A8/9

Identifiers

PMID27006175
PMCPMC4998996
OpenAlexW2306651097

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.