ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2016
Ectopic pregnancy risk factors for ART patients undergoing the GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective study.
Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes after high technology infertility treatment: a comprehensive systematic review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2016Pooled it
- Post-marketing safety profile of ganirelix in women: a 20-year pharmacovigilance analysis of global adverse drug event databases (2004-2024).BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- The effect of surgical treatment of tubal pregnancy on concurrent intrauterine pregnancy after in vitro fertilization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research Progress on the Impact of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Reproductive Performance in Sows.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Management of ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer: a case series and mini-review.Asian biomedicine : research, reviews and news · 2024Article
- The Effect of AlteredInternational journal of fertility & sterility · 2023Article
- High anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is associated with increased risks of ectopic pregnancy in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer cycle, a cohort study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2023Article
- Is early-follicular long-acting GnRH agonist protocol an alternative for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization?Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Article
- Differences in Ectopic Pregnancy Rates between Fresh and Frozen Embryo Transfer after In Vitro Fertilization: A Large Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Tubal factor, cleavage stage and more than one embryo transferred were risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy after assisted reproductive treatment.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2022Article
- Concurrent Ovarian and Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy After IVF-ET: Case Report and Literature Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- The Effective Role of Adding Letrozole to Methotrexate in the Management of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancies, a Randomized Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2021Article
- Correlation between Ovarian Reserve and Incidence of Ectopic Pregnancy afterYonsei medical journal · 2019Observational
- Effects of Levonorgestrel and progesterone on Oviductal physiology in mammals.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2018Article
- Clinical significance of expression of hsa-mir-1247 and hsa-mir-1269a in ectopic pregnancy due to salpingitis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- Increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization in women with decreased ovarian reserve.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn-vitro fertilization is a known risk factor for ectopic pregnancies. We sought to establish the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in GnRH antagonist cycles examining patient and stimulation parameters with an emphasis on ovulation trigger.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective, cohort study of 343 patients undergoing 380 assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles with the GnRH antagonist protocol and achieving a clinical pregnancy from November 2010 through December 2015.
resultsSignificant risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in the univariate analysis included prior Cesarean section (CS), endometriosis, mechanical factor infertility, longer stimulation, elevated estradiol and progesterone levels, GnRH agonist trigger, higher number of oocytes aspirated, and insemination technique. Independent risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in the multivariate analysis included GnRH agonist trigger, higher number of oocytes aspirated, insemination technique, and prior Cesarean section.
conclusionExcessive ovarian response, IVF (as opposed to ICSI), prior Cesarean section and GnRH agonist trigger were found to be independent risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. Caution should be exercised before incorporating the GnRH agonist trigger for indications other than preventing OHSS. When excessive ovarian response leads to utilization of GnRH agonist trigger, strategies for preventing ectopic pregnancy, such as a freeze all policy or blastocyst transfer, should be considered. Further studies should elucidate whether adjusting the luteal support can reduce the ectopic pregnancy risk.
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