ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children in Kenya.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Giardia duodenalis in Rodents: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Pooled it
- A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Giardia duodenalis in Rabbits: Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity and Possible Zoonotic Concerns.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and molecular characterisation ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- Genotypic characterization ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Waterborne and Foodborne Protozoan Pathogens in Kenya: A One Health Perspective.China CDC weekly · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Genetic Diversity ofJournal of parasitology research · 2025Review
- Article
- Assemblages and Subassemblages ofJournal of parasitology research · 2024Article
- Prevalence and assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in a case-control study of children under 5 years from Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of giardiasis and assemblages A and B and effects on diarrhea and growth trajectories during the first 8 years of life: Analysis of a birth cohort in a rural district in tropical Ecuador.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Assemblage Typing of Giardia duodenalis in School-Age Children Situated along the Southern Shoreline of Lake Malawi, Malawi.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- The Application of 3base™ Technology to Diagnose Eight of the Most Clinically Important Gastrointestinal Protozoan Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The controversies surroundingCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Review
- Molecular diversity of Giardia duodenalis in children under 5 years from the Manhiça district, Southern Mozambique enrolled in a matched case-control study on the aetiology of diarrhoea.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2021Article
- The Predominance of Giardia duodenalis AII sub-assemblage in young children from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2020Article
- The prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors in school-going children from informal settlements in Nakuru town, Kenya.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2020Article
- Prevalence and genotypic characterization ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2020Article
- Slums, Space, and State of Health-A Link between Settlement Morphology and Health Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiardia duodenalis is an important intestinal protozoan in humans worldwide with high infection rates occurring in densely populated and low resource settings. The parasite has been recorded to cause diarrhea in children. This study was carried out to identify G. duodenalis assemblages and sub-assemblages in children presenting with diarrhea in Kenya.
methodsA total of 2112 faecal samples were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years and screened for the presence of Giardia cysts using microscopy. A total of 96 (4.5%) samples were identified as Giardia positive samples and were genotyped using glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and β-giardin loci.
resultsThe three markers successfully genotyped 72 isolates and grouped 2 (1.4) isolates as Assemblage A, 64 (88.9) as Assemblage B and 7 (9.7%) consisted of mixed infections with assemblage A and B. A further analysis of 50 isolates using GDH Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) categorized 2 assemblage A isolates as sub-assemblage AII while 6 and 14 assemblage B isolates were categorized into sub-assemblage BIII and BIV respectively. A mixed infection with sub-assemblage BIII and BIV was recorded in 28 isolates. Over half (55.6%) of Giardia infections were recorded among the children between 13 to 48 months old.
conclusionThis paper reports the first data on the assemblages and sub-assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in children representing with diarrhea in Kenya.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.