ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2016
Sex differences in reinstatement of cocaine-seeking with combination treatments of progesterone and atomoxetine.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ovarian Hormones and Addictive Behaviour Vulnerability: Insights From Preclinical Studies.Addiction biology · 2025Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Opioid and Psychostimulant Craving and Relapse: A Critical Review.Pharmacological reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Sex, social rank, and nicotine co-administration shape cocaine- and cocaethylene-induced reinstatement in monkeys.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Environmental enrichment attenuates reinstatement of heroin seeking and reverses heroin-induced upregulation of mesolimbic ghrelin receptors.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Self-administration acquisition latency predicts locomotor sensitivity to cocaine in male rats.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
- Removal of the ovaries suppresses ethanol drinking and promotes aversion-resistance in C57BL/6J female mice.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Peer-induced cocaine seeking in rats: Comparison to nonsocial stimuli and role of paraventricular hypothalamic oxytocin neurons.Addiction biology · 2022Article
- A mechanistic overview of approaches for the treatment of psychostimulant dependence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Sex differences in the effect of the FKBP5 inhibitor SAFit2 on anxiety and stress-induced reinstatement following cocaine self-administration.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
- Sex differences in the effects of a combined behavioral and pharmacological treatment strategy for cocaine relapse prevention in an animal model of cue exposure therapy.Behavioural brain research · 2020Article
- Continuous High Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation of the Rat Anterior Insula Attenuates the Relapse Post Withdrawal and Strengthens the Extinction of Morphine Seeking.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Sex differences in neural mechanisms mediating reward and addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Common neurocircuitry mediating drug and fear relapse in preclinical models.Psychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Anti-stress neuropharmacological mechanisms and targets for addiction treatment: A translational framework.Neurobiology of stress · 2018Review
- Binge-like acquisition of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) self-administration in female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Female rats exhibit less avoidance than male rats of a cocaine-, but not a morphine-paired, saccharin cue.Brain research bulletin · 2018Article
- Sex-specific attenuation of impulsive action by progesterone in a go/no-go task for cocaine in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Atomoxetine in abstinent cocaine users: Sex differences.Data in brief · 2017Article
- Sex differences in addiction.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2016Review
- Sex differences in the reduction of impulsive choice (delay discounting) for cocaine in rats with atomoxetine and progesterone.Psychopharmacology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Two repurposed medications have been proposed to treat cocaine abuse. Progesterone, a gonadal hormone, and atomoxetine, a medication commonly used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, have both been separately shown to reduce cocaine self-administration and reinstatement (i.e., relapse). The goal of the present study was to examine sex differences in the individual effects of PRO and ATO as well as the combination PRO+ATO treatment on cocaine (COC), caffeine (CAF), and/or cue-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Adult male and female Wistar rats lever-pressed under a FR 1 schedule for cocaine infusions (0.4mg/kg/inf). After 14 sessions of stable responding in daily 2-h sessions, rats underwent a 21-day extinction period when no drug or drug-related stimuli were present. Rats were then separated into four groups that received PRO (0.5mg/kg) alone (PRO+SAL), ATO (1.5mg/kg) alone (VEH+ATO), control (VEH+SAL) or combination (PRO+ATO) treatments prior to the reinstatement condition. Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking to cues and/or drug injections of cocaine or caffeine was tested after extinction. During maintenance, females self-administered more cocaine than males, but no sex differences were seen during extinction. Females showed greater cocaine-seeking than males after a CAF priming injection. Individual treatment with ATO did not decrease reinstatement under any priming condition; however, the combination treatment decreased cocaine-seeking under the COC+CUES priming condition in males, and both PRO alone and the combination treatment decreased cocaine-seeking in the CAF+CUES condition in females. Overall, PRO alone was only effective in reducing reinstatement in females, while the combination treatment was consistently effective in reducing reinstatement in both sexes.
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Registered trials
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