ArticleAssessment2017
Higher and Lower Order Factor Analyses of the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire.
Article in Assessment, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- An early parenting intervention focused on enriched parent-child interactions improves effortful control in the early years of school.Child developmentTrial
- Reproducible structure with measurement invariance for the Parent-Report Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire: Findings from three independent samples.Psychological assessment · 2025Article
- Novel measures of family orientation and childhood self-regulation: A genetically informed twin study.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2023Observational
- Temperament in middle childhood questionnaire: New data on factor structure and applicability in a child clinical sample.Psychological assessment · 2022Article
- Effortful control and health among triads of mothers and twin children: An actor-partner interdependence modeling approach.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2022Article
- The structure of child temperament as measured by the Polish versions of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire and the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire: insight from the network psychometrics approach.Current issues in personality psychology · 2022Article
- The structure of adolescent temperament and associations with psychological functioning: A replication and extension of Snyder et al. (2015).Journal of personality and social psychology · 2021Article
- Factor Structure of Repetitive Behaviors Across Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Article
- Is an irritable ADHD profile traceable using personality dimensions? Replicability, stability, and predictive value over time of data-driven profiles.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
- Children's sleep, impulsivity, and anger: shared genetic etiology and implications for developmental psychopathology.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Article
- Does Maternal Warmth Moderate Longitudinal Associations Between Infant Attention Control and Children's Inhibitory Control?Infant and child developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) is a widely used parent-report measure of temperament. However, neither its lower nor higher order structures has been tested via a bottom-up, empirically based approach. We conducted higher and lower order exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) of the TMCQ in a large ( N = 654) sample of 9-year-olds. Item-level EFAs identified 92 items as suitable (i.e., with loadings ≥.40) for constructing lower order factors, only half of which resembled a TMCQ scale posited by the measure's authors. Higher order EFAs of the lower order factors showed that a three-factor structure (Impulsivity/Negative Affectivity, Negative Affectivity, and Openness/Assertiveness) was the only admissible solution. Overall, many TMCQ items did not load well onto a lower order factor. In addition, only three factors, which did not show a clear resemblance to Rothbart's four-factor model of temperament in middle childhood, were needed to account for the higher order structure of the TMCQ.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.