ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
End TB strategy: the need to reduce risk inequalities.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Weather elements and the risk of tuberculosis incidence in China from 2005 to 2019: a county-level large observational study.Journal of global health · 2026Observational
- Demographic and socioeconomic disparity in knowledge, attitude, and practice towards tuberculosis in Northwest, China: evidence from multilevel model study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis and Migrant Pathways in an Urban Setting: A Mixed-Method Case Study on a Treatment Centre in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The impact of active case finding on transmission dynamics of tuberculosis: A modelling study.PloS one · 2021Article
- Conditional Cash Transfer Program and Leprosy Incidence: Analysis of 12.9 Million Families From the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- The Gap Between Global Tuberculosis Incidence and the First Milestone of the WHO End Tuberculosis Strategy: An Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Database.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- The Importance of Heterogeneity to the Epidemiology of Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Introducing risk inequality metrics in tuberculosis policy development.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Graphene oxide prevents mycobacteria entry into macrophages through extracellular entrapment.Nanoscale advances · 2019Article
- The impact of rural residence and HIV infection on poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes in a large urban hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2018Article
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- Geographic variation in pneumococcal vaccine efficacy estimated from dynamic modeling of epidemiological data post-PCV7.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Migration to middle-income countries and tuberculosis-global policies for global economies.Globalization and health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiseases occur in populations whose individuals differ in essential characteristics, such as exposure to the causative agent, susceptibility given exposure, and infectiousness upon infection in the case of infectious diseases. DISCUSSION: Concepts developed in demography more than 30 years ago assert that variability between individuals affects substantially the estimation of overall population risk from disease incidence data. Methods that ignore individual heterogeneity tend to underestimate overall risk and lead to overoptimistic expectations for control. Concerned that this phenomenon is frequently overlooked in epidemiology, here we feature its significance for interpreting global data on human tuberculosis and predicting the impact of control measures. We show that population-wide interventions have the greatest impact in populations where all individuals face an equal risk. Lowering variability in risk has great potential to increase the impact of interventions. Reducing inequality, therefore, empowers health interventions, which in turn improves health, further reducing inequality, in a virtuous circle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.