Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27000467›Full record

ArticleNitric oxide : biology and chemistry2016

Nitrate as a source of nitrite and nitric oxide during exercise hyperemia in rat skeletal muscle.

Barbora Piknova, Ji Won Park, Kai Kwan Jeff Lam, Alan N Schechter

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Explosive Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  13. Effect of pre-exercise dietary nitrate on skeletal muscle blood flow in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Barbora PiknovaMolecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: piknovab@mail.nih.gov.
Ji Won ParkMolecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Kai Kwan Jeff LamMolecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Alan N SchechterMolecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases · USNational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Nitric Oxide Transport By HemoglobinZIADK025093 · NIDDK · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · PI SCHECHTER, ALAN · 2009 to 2022
$7.2M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 DK999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The presence of nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes, mainly the NOS1 isoform, in skeletal muscle had been well established; however in the last decade it has been realized that NO may also be produced by reduction of nitrate and tissue nitrite. We have recently shown that rodent skeletal muscle contains unusually high concentrations of nitrate, compared to blood and other tissues, likely produced by oxidation of NOS1-produced NO. In the present study we measured nitrate and nitrite levels in Wistar rat leg tissue before and after acute and chronic exercise of the animals on a treadmill. We found a very large decrease of muscle nitrate levels immediately after exercise accompanied by a transient increase of nitrite levels. A significant decrease in blood nitrate levels accompanied the changes in muscle levels. Using skeletal muscle tissue homogenates we established that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is at least partially responsible for the generation of nitrite and/or NO from nitrate and that this effect is increased by slight lowering of pH and by other processes related to the exercise itself. We hypothesize that the skeletal muscle nitrate reservoir contributes significantly to the generation of nitrite and then, probably via formation of NO, exercise-induced functional hyperemia. A model for these metabolic interconversions in mammals is presented. These reactions could explain the muscle-generated vasodilator causing increased blood flow, with induced contraction, exercise, or hypoxia, postulated more than 100 years ago.

Indexed as

AnimalsHyperemiaMaleMuscle, SkeletalNitratesNitric OxideNitritesPhysical Conditioning, AnimalRats, WistarXanthine DehydrogenaseNitratesNitric OxideNitritesXanthine DehydrogenaseExerciseFunctional hyperemiaNitrateNitric oxideNitriteSkeletal muscle

Identifiers

PMID27000467
PMCPMC4860042
OpenAlexW2302340018

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.