Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27000402›Full record

Trial reportThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2016

Effects of a behavioral and health literacy intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages: a randomized-controlled trial.

Jamie M Zoellner, Valisa E Hedrick, Wen You, Yvonnes Chen, Brenda M Davy, Kathleen J Porter, Angela Bailey, Hannah Lane, Ramine Alexander, Paul A Estabrooks

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02193009 (SipSmarter), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
14.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02193009 nacompletednot on this map

SipSmarter: A Nutrition Literacy Approach to Reducing Sugary Beverages

TypeinterventionalSponsorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityRan2011 to 2015Enrolled304ConditionsDietary Habits, Physical ActivityArmsSipSmarter, MoveMore
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. An exploratory study to understand how rurality status and demographic characteristics are associated with enrollment, engagement, and retention in a digital health intervention targeting the Appalachian region.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025
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  17. Reducing sugary drink intake through youth empowerment: results from a pilot-site randomized study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2019
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26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Jamie M ZoellnerDepartment of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), ILSB 23, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. zoellner@vt.edu.
Valisa E HedrickDepartment of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), ILSB 23, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Wen YouDepartment of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Yvonnes ChenSchool of Journalism, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
Brenda M DavyDepartment of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), ILSB 23, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Kathleen J PorterDepartment of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), ILSB 23, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Angela BaileyDepartment of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
Hannah LaneDepartment of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), ILSB 23, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Ramine AlexanderDepartment of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), ILSB 23, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Paul A EstabrooksDepartment of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA.
Virginia Tech · USRowan University · USUniversity of Kansas · USUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center · US

Funding

SIPsmartER: A nutrition literacy approach to reducing sugar-sweetened beveragesR01CA154364 · NCI · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI ZOELLNER, JAMIE · 2011 to 2015
$2.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA154364NCI NIH HHS R01CA154364
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), little is known about behavioral interventions to reduce SSB intake among adults, particularly in medically-underserved rural communities. This type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid RCT, conducted in 2012-2014, applied the RE-AIM framework and was designed to assess the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention targeting SSB consumption (SIPsmartER) when compared to an intervention targeting physical activity (MoveMore) and to determine if health literacy influenced retention, engagement or outcomes.

methodsGuided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and health literacy strategies, the 6 month multi-component intervention for both conditions included three small-group classes, one live teach-back call, and 11 interactive voice response calls. Validated measures were used to assess SSB consumption (primary outcome) and all secondary outcomes including physical activity behaviors, theory-based constructs, quality of life, media literacy, anthropometric, and biological outcomes.

resultsTargeting a medically-underserved rural region in southwest Virginia, 1056 adult participants were screened, 620 (59%) eligible, 301 (49%) enrolled and randomized, and 296 included in these 2015 analyses. Participants were 93% Caucasian, 81% female, 31 % ≤ high-school educated, 43% < $14,999 household income, and 33% low health literate. Retention rates (74%) and program engagement was not statistically different between conditions. Compared to MoveMore, SIPsmartER participants significantly decreased SSB kcals and BMI at 6 months. SIPsmartER participants significantly decreased SSB intake by 227 (95% CI = -326,-127, p < 0.001) kcals/day from baseline to 6 months when compared to the decrease of 53 (95% CI = -88,-17, p < 0.01) kcals/day among MoveMore participants (p < 0.001). SIPsmartER participants decreased BMI by 0.21 (95% CI = -0.35,-0.06; p < 0.01) kg/m(2) from baseline to 6 months when compared to the non-significant 0.10 (95 % CI = -0.23, 0.43; NS) kg/m(2) gain among MoveMore participants (p < 0.05). Significant 0-6 month effects were observed for about half of the theory-based constructs, but for no biological outcomes. Health literacy status did not influence retention rates, engagement or outcomes.

conclusionsSIPsmartER is an effective intervention to decrease SSB consumption among adults and is promising for translation into practice settings. SIPsmartER also yielded small, yet significant, improvements in BMI. By using health literacy-focused strategies, the intervention was robust in achieving reductions for participants of varying health literacy status.

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov; ID: NCT02193009 .

Indexed as

BeveragesBody Mass IndexFeeding BehaviorHealth BehaviorHealth LiteracyRural PopulationAdolescentAdultAgedDietDietary SucroseExerciseFemaleHumansLiteracyMaleDietary SucroseSweetening AgentsBehavioral researchBeveragesHealth literacyRandomized controlled trialRural population

Identifiers

PMID27000402
PMCPMC4802861
OpenAlexW2308311459

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.