ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2016
Antigenic Variation in Bacterial Pathogens.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endotoxin Is Inactivated by Ethylene Oxide, Gamma, Electron Beam, and Steam Sterilization.Biomedical instrumentation & technology · 2023Pooled it
- Direct visualisation of post-replication gap formation at the bacterial RRS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- AFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2026Article
- The emerging role of DNA methylation in the pathogenicity of bacterial pathogens.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Article
- Generation of Population-Level Diversity inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Molecular Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Why the Jenner/Pasteur paradigm is insufficient for controlling vector-borne diseases and the role of microbiota-mediated interactions.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Do white-footed mice, the main reservoir of the Lyme disease pathogen in the United States, clinically respond to the borrelial tenancy?Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- Controlling genome topology with sequences that trigger post-replication gap formation during replisome passage: the E. coli RRS elements.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Controlling Genome Topology with Sequences that Trigger Post-replication Gap Formation During Replisome Passage: ThebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Meta-analysis of the Vmp-like sequences of Lyme diseaseFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics Analysis of Global Diversity in Meningococcal Vaccine Antigens over the Past 10 Years: Vaccine Efficacy Prognosis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intracellular bacteria in cancer-prospects and debates.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023Review
- Generation and Repair of Postreplication Gaps in Escherichia coli.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Costa Rican Genotype ofVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Novelty Search Promotes Antigenic Diversity in Microbial Pathogens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evolution of theMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The Current State of Knowledge on Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome (Brazilian Lyme Disease-like Illness): Chronological Presentation of Historical and Scientific Events Observed over the Last 30 Years.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antigenic variation is a strategy used by a broad diversity of microbial pathogens to persist within the mammalian host. Whereas viruses make use of a minimal proofreading capacity combined with large amounts of progeny to use random mutation for variant generation, antigenically variant bacteria have evolved mechanisms which use a stable genome, which aids in protecting the fitness of the progeny. Here, three well-characterized and highly antigenically variant bacterial pathogens are discussed: Anaplasma, Borrelia, and Neisseria. These three pathogens display a variety of mechanisms used to create the structural and antigenic variation needed for immune escape and long-term persistence. Intrahost antigenic variation is the focus; however, the role of these immune escape mechanisms at the population level is also presented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.