Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26999215›Full record

ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2016

Codon Distribution in Error-Detecting Circular Codes.

Elena Fimmel, Lutz Strüngmann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Forbidden codon combinations in error-detecting circular codes.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Elena FimmelInstitute for Mathematical Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany. e.fimmel@hs-mannheim.de.
Lutz StrüngmannInstitute for Mathematical Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany. l.struengmann@hs-mannheim.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In 1957, Francis Crick et al. suggested an ingenious explanation for the process of frame maintenance. The idea was based on the notion of comma-free codes. Although Crick's hypothesis proved to be wrong, in 1996, Arquès and Michel discovered the existence of a weaker version of such codes in eukaryote and prokaryote genomes, namely the so-called circular codes. Since then, circular code theory has invariably evoked great interest and made significant progress. In this article, the codon distributions in maximal comma-free, maximal self-complementary C³ and maximal self-complementary circular codes are discussed, i.e., we investigate in how many of such codes a given codon participates. As the main (and surprising) result, it is shown that the codons can be separated into very few classes (three, or five, or six) with respect to their frequency. Moreover, the distribution classes can be hierarchically ordered as refinements from maximal comma-free codes via maximal self-complementary C(3) codes to maximal self-complementary circular codes.

Indexed as

circular codescodon usagecomma-free codesevolution of the genetic codegenetic code

Identifiers

PMID26999215
PMCPMC4810245

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.