ReviewToxins2016
Shiga Toxins as Multi-Functional Proteins: Induction of Host Cellular Stress Responses, Role in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Applications.
Review in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shiga toxin-centered pathophysiology defines the therapeutic limits of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- The Pseudomonas aeruginosa ribonuclease Ribocin cleaves eukaryotic ribosomes at helix 69 to inhibit host translation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Identification, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and pathogenicity analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Stress granules and cell death: crosstalk and potential therapeutic strategies in infectious diseases.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Long-term health outcomes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) infection and STEC-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (STEC-HUS), Wales, 1990-2020.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Preclinical evaluation of the CD38-targeting engineered toxin body MT-0169 against multiple myeloma.HemaSphere · 2024Article
- Eculizumab in severe Shiga toxin-mediated haemolytic uraemic syndrome.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- The Role of the Complement System in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Forms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Shiga toxin 2 A-subunit induces mitochondrial damage, mitophagy and apoptosis via the interaction of Tom20 in Caco-2 cells.Heliyon · 2023Article
- The Fatal Role of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin-associated Extracellular Vesicles in Host Cells.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
- AB Toxins as High-Affinity Ligands for Cell Targeting in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Characterization of the flanking region of the Shiga toxin operon in Stx2a bacteriophages reveals a diversity of the NanS-p sialate O-acetylesterase gene.AIMS microbiology · 2023Article
- Assessment of Cell Cycle and Induction of Apoptosis by Shiga-like Toxin Produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in T47D Breast Cancer Cells Using Flow Cytometry.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- EnterohemorrhagicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Phenotype-Based Threat Assessment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation protects from Shiga toxin-mediated cell injury and lethality in host.EMBO molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Shiga toxin (Stx) type 2-induced increase in O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine protein modification: a new therapeutic target?EMBO molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stxs) produced by Shiga toxin-producing bacteria Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and select serotypes of Escherichia coli are primary virulence factors in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic colitis progressing to potentially fatal systemic complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and central nervous system abnormalities. Current therapeutic options to treat patients infected with toxin-producing bacteria are limited. The structures of Stxs, toxin-receptor binding, intracellular transport and the mode of action of the toxins have been well defined. However, in the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated that in addition to being potent protein synthesis inhibitors, Stxs are also multifunctional proteins capable of activating multiple cell stress signaling pathways, which may result in apoptosis, autophagy or activation of the innate immune response. Here, we briefly present the current understanding of Stx-activated signaling pathways and provide a concise review of therapeutic applications to target tumors by engineering the toxins.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.