ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2016
Activity of Gallium Meso- and Protoporphyrin IX against Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Porphyrin pathways as targets for combating antimicrobial resistance: virulence and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Heme in Bacterial Pathogenesis and as an Antimicrobial Target.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Antibacterial activity and mechanistic insights of gallium-based nanoparticles: an emerging frontier in metal-based antimicrobials.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Gallium: a decisive "Trojan Horse" against microorganisms.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2024Review
- Photoactivated Gallium Porphyrin ReducesMolecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Inhibition of Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation of Acinetobacter Baumannii by Naturally-derived and Synthetic Drugs.Current drug targets · 2021Review
- FightingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Extracellular haem utilization by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its role in virulence and pathogenesis.Advances in microbial physiology · 2021Article
- Metallotherapeutics development in the age of iron-clad bacteria.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2020Review
- Gallium(III)-Salophen as a Dual Inhibitor ofACS infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Iron Metabolism at the Interface between Host and Pathogen: From Nutritional Immunity to Antibacterial Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Dual Inhibition ofACS infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Targeting Quorum Sensing: High-Throughput Screening to Identify Novel LsrK Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Iron/Heme Metabolism-Targeted Gallium(III) Nanoparticles Are Active against Extracellular and IntracellularAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Nonconventional Therapeutics againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2018Article
- Antimicrobial Activity of Gallium Compounds on ESKAPE Pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Gallium-Protoporphyrin IX InhibitsFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a challenging pathogen due to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm development. The role of iron in bacterial physiology has prompted the evaluation of iron-modulation as an antimicrobial strategy. The non-reducible iron analog gallium(III) nitrate, Ga(NO₃)₃, has been shown to inhibit A. baumannii planktonic growth; however, utilization of heme-iron by clinical isolates has been associated with development of tolerance. These observations prompted the evaluation of iron-heme sources on planktonic and biofilm growth, as well as antimicrobial activities of gallium meso- and protoporphyrin IX (Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX), metal heme derivatives against planktonic and biofilm bacteria of multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of A. baumannii in vitro. Ga(NO₃)₃ was moderately effective at reducing planktonic bacteria (64 to 128 µM) with little activity against biofilms (≥512 µM). In contrast, Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX were highly active against planktonic bacteria (0.25 to 8 µM). Cytotoxic effects in human fibroblasts were observed following exposure to concentrations exceeding 128 µM of Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX. We observed that the gallium metal heme conjugates were more active against planktonic and biofilm bacteria, possibly due to utilization of heme-iron as demonstrated by the enhanced effects on bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.