Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26996926›Full record

ArticleACS chemical neuroscience2016

PKCβ Inhibitors Attenuate Amphetamine-Stimulated Dopamine Efflux.

Alexander G Zestos, Sarah R Mikelman, Robert T Kennedy, Margaret E Gnegy

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS chemical neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Article
  19. A Novel PKC Inhibitor Shows Promise for Amphetamine Use Disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017
    Article
  20. Direct and Systemic Administration of a CNS-Permeant Tamoxifen Analog Reduces Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release and Reinforcing Effects.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alexander G ZestosDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Michigan , 2301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5632, United States.
Sarah R MikelmanDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Michigan , 2301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5632, United States.
Robert T KennedyDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Michigan , 2301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5632, United States.
Margaret E GnegyDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Michigan , 2301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5632, United States.
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

INTERDEPARTMENTAL TRAINING IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCEST32GM007767 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ISOM, LORI L. · 1985 to 2019
$10.2M
POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING IN THE BIOLOGY OF DRUG ABUSET32DA007268 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI TRAYNOR, JOHN R. · 1991 to 2021
$6.7M
PHARMACOLOGY OF DOPAMINE RELEASE BY AMPHETAMINER01DA011697 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GNEGY, MARGARET E · 2000 to 2016
$5.3M
SUBSTANCE ABUSE INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING PROGRAMT32DA007267 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GNEGY, MARGARET E · 1994 to 2015
$4.5M
In vivo chemical monitoring using capillary separationsR37EB003320 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KENNEDY, ROBERT T · 2008 to 2017
$3.6M
NIBIB NIH HHS R37 EB003320NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA011697NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007267NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007268NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007767
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Amphetamine abuse afflicts over 13 million people, and there is currently no universally accepted treatment for amphetamine addiction. Amphetamine serves as a substrate for the dopamine transporter and reverses the transporter to cause an increase in extracellular dopamine. Activation of the beta subunit of protein kinase C (PKCβ) enhances extracellular dopamine in the presence of amphetamine by facilitating the reverse transport of dopamine and internalizing the D2 autoreceptor. We previously demonstrated that PKCβ inhibitors block amphetamine-stimulated dopamine efflux in synaptosomes from rat striatum in vitro. In this study, we utilized in vivo microdialysis in live, behaving rats to assess the effect of the PKCβ inhibitors, enzastaurin and ruboxistaurin, on amphetamine-stimulated locomotion and increases in monoamines and their metabolites. A 30 min perfusion of the nucleus accumbens core with 1 μM enzastaurin or 1 μM ruboxistaurin reduced efflux of dopamine and its metabolite 3-methoxytyramine induced by amphetamine by approximately 50%. The inhibitors also significantly reduced amphetamine-stimulated extracellular levels of norepinephrine. The stimulation of locomotor behavior by amphetamine, measured simultaneously with the analytes, was comparably reduced by the PKCβ inhibitors. Using a stable isotope label retrodialysis procedure, we determined that ruboxistaurin had no effect on basal levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, or GABA. In addition, normal uptake function through the dopamine transporter was unaltered by the PKCβ inhibitors, as measured in rat synaptosomes. Our results support the utility of using PKCβ inhibitors to reduce the effects of amphetamine.

Indexed as

AmphetamineAnimalsAutoreceptorsCorpus StriatumDopamineDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsDopamine Uptake InhibitorsMaleMicrodialysisNeostriatumProtein Kinase C betaProtein Kinase InhibitorsRats, Sprague-Dawley3-methoxytyramineAmphetamineAutoreceptorsDopamineDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsDopamine Uptake InhibitorsProtein Kinase C betaProtein Kinase InhibitorsamphetaminecatecholaminedopamineLCMSmicrodialysisProtein kinase C

Identifiers

PMID26996926
PMCPMC4909528
OpenAlexW2302505019

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.