ArticleScientific reports2016
In vivo dynamics of active edema and lethal factors during anthrax.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anthrax ET activates Rac1 and RTK signaling to induce F-actin reorganization and endothelial permeability.iScience · 2025Article
- Early Circulating Edema Factor in Inhalational Anthrax Infection: Does It Matter?Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Review
- Group 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) upregulate IL-22 in response to elevated intracellular cAMP levels.Cytokine · 2022Article
- Clindamycin Protects Nonhuman Primates Against Inhalational Anthrax But Does Not Enhance Reduction of Circulating Toxin Levels When Combined With Ciprofloxacin.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Cryo-EM structure of the fully-loaded asymmetric anthrax lethal toxin in its heptameric pre-pore state.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Anthrax Toxin Detection: From in Vivo Studies to Diagnostic Applications.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Case Report of an Injectional Anthrax in France, 2012.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Very Early Blood Diffusion of the Active Lethal and Edema Factors of Bacillus anthracis After Intranasal Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- Zeptomole per milliliter detection and quantification of edema factor in plasma by LC-MS/MS yields insights into toxemia and the progression of inhalation anthrax.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2019Article
- Article
- Contribution of the French army health service in support of expertise and research in infectiology in Africa.New microbes and new infections · 2018Article
- Anthrax edema toxin disrupts distinct steps in Rab11-dependent junctional transport.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin Increases Fractional Free Water and Sodium Reabsorption in an Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney Model.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- A Simple Luminescent Adenylate-Cyclase Functional Assay for Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor Activity.Toxins · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lethal and edema toxins are critical virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis. However, little is known about their in vivo dynamics of production during anthrax. In this study, we unraveled for the first time the in vivo kinetics of production of the toxin components EF (edema factor) and LF (lethal factor) during cutaneous infection with a wild-type toxinogenic encapsulated strain in immuno-competent mice. We stratified the asynchronous infection process into defined stages through bioluminescence imaging (BLI), while exploiting sensitive quantitative methods by measuring the enzymatic activity of LF and EF. LF was produced in high amounts, while EF amounts steadily increased during the infectious process. This led to high LF/EF ratios throughout the infection, with variations between 50 to a few thousands. In the bloodstream, the early detection of active LF and EF despite the absence of bacteria suggests that they may exert long distance effects. Infection with a strain deficient in the protective antigen toxin component enabled to address its role in the diffusion of LF and EF within the host. Our data provide a picture of the in vivo complexity of the infectious process.
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