Trial reportSchizophrenia bulletin2016
Four-Year Follow-up of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Persons at Ultra-High Risk for Developing Psychosis: The Dutch Early Detection Intervention Evaluation (EDIE-NL) Trial.
Trial report in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early interventions for first onset of symptoms of mental health conditions: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Preventing psychosis in people at clinical high risk: an updated meta-analysis by the World Psychiatric Association Preventive Psychiatry section.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Prodromal Stage of Psychosis-Outcomes for Transition, Functioning, Distress, and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Pooled it
- The association between migrant status and transition in an ultra-high risk for psychosis population.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for people with psychotic experiences: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled effectiveness and economic studies.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Clinical Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Patients With First Episode Psychosis and in Individuals With Ultra-High Risk for Transition to Psychosis: A Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Preventive Treatments for Psychosis: Umbrella Review (Just the Evidence).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Negative Symptom Interventions in Youth at Risk of Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Pooled it
- Baseline data of a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (STEP study).Early intervention in psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Family-focused therapy for individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis: A confirmatory efficacy trial.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Four-Year Cost-effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Preventing First-episode Psychosis: The Dutch Early Detection Intervention Evaluation (EDIE-NL) Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Trial
- Distinguishing different psychiatric disorders using DDx-PRS.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Improving Social Functioning in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychotic Disorders With a Virtual Reality Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: The Feasibility and Acceptability of REVIVE.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Incidence, Prevalence, and Stability of Remission in Individuals With Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Clinical prediction model for transition to psychosis in individuals meeting At Risk Mental State criteria.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Changes of psychotic-like experiences and their association with anxiety/depression among young adolescents before COVID-19 and after the lockdown in China.Schizophrenia research · 2021Article
- Use of the ADAPTE method to develop a clinical guideline for the improvement of psychoses and schizophrenia care: Example of involvement and participation of patients and family caregivers.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2021Article
- Neurocognition and Social Cognition- Possibilities for Diagnosis and Treatment in Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis State.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPreviously, we demonstrated that cognitive behavior therapy for ultra-high risk (called CBTuhr) halved the incidence of psychosis over an 18-month period. Follow-up data from the same study are used to evaluate the longer-term effects at 4 years post-baseline.
methodThe Dutch Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation study was a randomized controlled trial of 196 UHR patients comparing CBTuhr with treatment-as-usual (TAU) for comorbid disorders with TAU only. Of the original 196 patients, 113 consented to a 4-year follow-up (57.7%; CBTuhr = 56 vs TAU = 57). Over the study period, psychosis incidence, remission from UHR status, and the effects of transition to psychosis were evaluated.
resultsThe number of participants in the CBTuhr group making the transition to psychosis increased from 10 at 18-month follow-up to 12 at 4-year follow-up whereas it did not change in the TAU group (n = 22); this still represents a clinically important (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 12/22 = 0.55) and significant effect (F(1,5) = 8.09, P = .03), favoring CBTuhr. The odds ratio of CBTuhr compared to TAU was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24-0.82) and the number needed to treat was 8. Moreover, significantly more patients remitted from their UHR status in the CBTuhr group (76.3%) compared with the TAU group (58.7%) [t(120) = 2.08, P = .04]. Importantly, transition to psychosis was associated with more severe psychopathology and social functioning at 4-year follow-up.
conclusionsCBTuhr to prevent a first episode of psychosis in persons at UHR of developing psychosis is still effective at 4-year follow-up. Our data also show that individuals meeting the formal criteria of a psychotic disorder have worse functional and social outcomes compared with non-transitioned cases.
trial registrationThe trial is registered at Current Controlled Trials as trial number ISRCTN21353122 (http://controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN21353122/gaag).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.