ReviewTrials2016
Adaptive designs undertaken in clinical research: a review of registered clinical trials.
Review in Trials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with adaptive and traditional group sequential designs - applications in cardiovascular clinical trials.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Pooled it
- Development process of a consensus-driven CONSORT extension for randomised trials using an adaptive design.BMC medicine · 2018Guideline
- Trial
- Rejoinder: "Adaptive versus fixed designs in confirmatory clinical trials: Centering the choice on ethics".Clinical trials (London, England) · 2026Article
- A Pragmatic Bayesian Adaptive Trial Design Based on the Value of Information: The Value-Driven Adaptive Design.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026Article
- Adaptive trials in low back pain and osteoarthritis: How common are they and when should they be used? A systematic review from ClinicalTrials.gov.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026Review
- Article
- Response adaptive randomisation in clinical trials: Current practice, gaps and future directions.Statistical methods in medical research · 2025Article
- Value-adaptive clinical trial designs for efficient delivery of publicly funded trials - a discussion of methods, case studies, opportunities and challenges.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Characterization of medical device randomized controlled trials with adaptive designs.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2025Article
- Reporting and communication of sample size calculations in adaptive clinical trials: a review of trial protocols and grant applications.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Review
- Adaptive designs were primarily used but inadequately reported in early phase drug trials.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Group sequential designs for pragmatic clinical trials with early outcomes: methods and guidance for planning and implementation.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Adaptive design clinical trials: current status by disease and trial phase in various perspectives.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Point estimation for adaptive trial designs II: Practical considerations and guidance.Statistics in medicine · 2023Review
- Point estimation for adaptive trial designs I: A methodological review.Statistics in medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Comparison of Bayesian vs Frequentist Adaptive Trial Design in the Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Expected Value of Sample Information to Guide the Design of Group Sequential Clinical Trials.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2022Article
- Designing and conducting adaptive trials to evaluate interventions in health services and implementation research: practical considerations.BMJ medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adaptive designs have the potential to improve efficiency in the evaluation of new medical treatments in comparison to traditional fixed sample size designs. However, they are still not widely used in practice in clinical research. Little research has been conducted to investigate what adaptive designs are being undertaken. This review highlights the current state of registered adaptive designs and their characteristics. The review looked at phase II, II/III and III trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from 29 February 2000 to 1 June 2014, supplemented with trials from the National Institute for Health Research register and known adaptive trials. A range of adaptive design search terms were applied to the trials extracted from each database. Characteristics of the adaptive designs were then recorded including funder, therapeutic area and type of adaptation. The results in the paper suggest that the use of adaptive designs has increased. They seem to be most often used in phase II trials and in oncology. In phase III trials, the most popular form of adaptation is the group sequential design. The review failed to capture all trials with adaptive designs, which suggests that the reporting of adaptive designs, such as in clinical trials registers, needs much improving. We recommend that clinical trial registers should contain sections dedicated to the type and scope of the adaptation and that the term 'adaptive design' should be included in the trial title or at least in the brief summary or design sections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.