ReviewNature chemical biology2016
Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial growth arrest and persistence.
Review in Nature chemical biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 387 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
387 citing papers in PubMed, 680 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryo-EM reveals the quaternary architecture of TenpIN type III toxin-antitoxin RNP complex common to pathogenic bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- The role of toxin-antitoxin systems inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Article
- Ammonicoccus luteus sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from the intestine of Argyrosomus argentatus.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- sept-1/zina-1 is an ancient toxin-antidote system in Caenorhabditis elegans.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- An ancestral transmembrane transcription factor couples cell envelope regulation and the SOS response in Caulobacter crescentus.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Potential role of a CRISPR-Cas-activated toxin-antitoxin system in bacterial immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural mechanism of SAM-AMP and SAM-AMPNature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic profiling ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Diversification in ANME-1 archaea is associated with the presence of highly variable genomic hotspots.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bacterial Persister Cells as Evolutionary Catalysts of Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Candidate Genomic Features Associated with Persistence inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Review
- Genomic and functional characterization of aMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Phosphorylation of PfiA modulates Pf4 phage production through PfiA/PfiT stoichiometric reconfiguration inScience advances · 2026Article
- Modulation of Hachiman defence by a type II toxin-antitoxin system via balancing trade-off between the fitness cost and antiphage activity.Engineering microbiology · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals critical toxin/antitoxin ratio triggering persister resuscitation.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- The molecular mechanisms of the ShosTA system in mediating anti-phage defense.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
327 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial persister cells constitute a subpopulation of genetically identical, metabolically slow-growing cells that are highly tolerant of antibiotics and other environmental stresses. Recent studies have demonstrated that gene loci known as toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules play a central role in the persister state. Under normal growth conditions, antitoxins potently inhibit the activities of the toxins. In contrast, under conditions of stress, the antitoxins are selectively degraded, freeing the toxins to inhibit essential cellular processes, such as DNA replication and protein translation. This inhibition results in rapid growth arrest. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries of these multifaceted TA systems with a focus on the newly uncovered mechanisms, especially conditional cooperativity, that are used to regulate cell growth and persistence. We also discuss the potential for targeting TA systems for antimicrobial drug discovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.