ArticleAIDS (London, England)2016
Sex differences in soluble markers vary before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in chronically HIV-infected individuals.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Pooled it
- Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.Biology of sex differences · 2020Trial
- Lower Pretreatment Gut Integrity Is Independently Associated With Fat Gain on Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Normalization of Soluble CD163 Levels After Institution of Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute HIV Infection Tracks with Fewer Neurological Abnormalities.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- A single low dose of hydrocortisone enhances cognitive functioning in HIV-infected women.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Article
- Prospective Neuropsychological and Plasma Biomarker Changes in Treatment-Naïve People Living with HIV After Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Dopamine-driven increase in IL-1β in myeloid cells is mediated by differential dopamine receptor expression and exacerbated by HIV.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Cytokine trajectory over time in men and women with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications.Viruses · 2023Review
- Article
- Distinct fecal microbial signatures are linked to sex and chronic immune activation in pediatric HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Estrogen May Enhance Toll-Like Receptor 4-Induced Inflammatory Pathways in People With HIV: Implications for Transgender Women on Hormone Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Contribution of Sex Differences to HIV Immunology, Pathogenesis, and Cure Approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Soluble Biomarkers of Cognition and Depression in Adults with HIV Infection in the Combination Therapy Era.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Pressing Questions and Challenges in the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Syndemic.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Article
- Greater Sensorimotor Deficits and Abnormally Lower Globus Pallidus Fractional Anisotropy in HIV+ Women than in HIV+ Men.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory marker levels and cognitive function in antiretroviral treated people living with HIV in rural Uganda.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and HIV Comorbidities.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate differences in soluble inflammatory markers between chronically HIV-infected men and women, with or without cognitive impairment, and in response to treatment.
designSoluble biomarkers were measured in cryopreserved plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 60 treatment-naïve individuals (25 men and 35 women) with chronic HIV infection and 18 HIV-uninfected controls (9 men and 9 women) from Thailand. Following enrollment, participants began combination antiretroviral therapy and were evaluated for expression of these markers after 48 weeks.
methodsPlasma and CSF levels of 19 soluble biomarkers (IFN-γ, TNFα, TNF-RII, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, MCP-1, t-Tau, IP-10, neopterin, IFNα, I-FABP, and sCD14) were measured using either a multiparameter or standard ELISA assay.
resultsPrior to combination antiretroviral therapy, women with impaired cognition had elevated levels of neopterin and TNF-RII compared with women with normal cognition in both the plasma and CSF; however, levels did not differ between cognitively impaired or normal men. In a secondary outcome-hypothesis generating analysis, sex differences were also pronounced in plasma levels of MCP-1, IL-10, I-FABP, and sCD14 in response to treatment. Neopterin, IP-10, TNFα, TNF-RII, IFNα, MCP-1, IL-8, I-FABP, and sCD14 plasma levels remained elevated following 48 weeks of therapy in both sexes compared with uninfected controls.
conclusionWe provide evidence of sustained immune activation after 48 weeks of treatment and identify possible sex differences in biomarkers previously linked to cognitive impairment, chronic inflammation, and gut integrity that may contribute to immunological differences between sexes in relationship to disease progression and response to therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.