ReviewOpen forum infectious diseases2016
START or SMART? Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Cardiovascular Risk for People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Review in Open forum infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesPooled it
- Particular Aspects Related to CD4+ Level in a Group of HIV-Infected Patients and Associated Acute Coronary Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Altered cardiac structure and function in newly diagnosed people living with HIV: a prospective cardiovascular magnetic resonance study after the initiation of antiretroviral treatment.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2023Article
- Investigating vascular diseases in people living with HIV by nuclear imaging.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2022Article
- Incidence of Cardiometabolic Diseases in People With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United Kingdom: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Atherosclerosis in HIV Patients: What Do We Know so Far?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effects of viremia and CD4 recovery on gut "microbiome-immunity" axis in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Chronic comorbidities in persons living with HIV within three years of exposure to antiretroviral therapy at Pantang Antiretroviral Center in Ghana: a retrospective study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Treated HIV Infection and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rural Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
- Altered gut microbiota correlate with different immune responses to HAART in HIV-infected individuals.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk in an urban African population: a cross-sectional analysis on the role of HIV and antiretroviral treatment.Retrovirology · 2019Article
- Does low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induce inflammation? If so, does it matter? Current insights and future perspectives for novel therapies.BMC medicine · 2019Article
- The Effect of Interrupted/Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy on Disease Risk: A SMART and START Combined Analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Undetectable = Untransmittable and Your Health: The Personal Benefits of Early and Continuous Therapy for HIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Cumulative viral load as a predictor of CD4+ T-cell response to antiretroviral therapy using Bayesian statistical models.PloS one · 2019Article
- Caspase-1-associated immune activation in an accelerated SIV-infected rhesus macaque model.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
- HIV-1-Associated Atherosclerosis: Unraveling the Missing Link.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2017Review
- Coronary Artery Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Downside of Living Longer.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2017Review
- Fecal Bacterial Communities in treated HIV infected individuals on two antiretroviral regimens.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection (START) study has reinforced the benefits of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, a notable secondary finding from that study was that immediate initiation of ART did not prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (0.17 vs 0.20 events/1000 person-years, P = .65). This result appears to contradict a body of evidence, most notably from the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) study, which reported a 70% increased hazard of cardiovascular events for those deferring or interrupting treatment. Thus, an important unresolved question is whether the timing of ART impacts CVD risk. In this review, published data on relationships between timing of ART and CVD risk are reviewed. The data support a role for ART in mitigating CVD risk at lower CD4 counts, but data also suggests that, among those initiating therapy early, ART alone appears to suboptimally mitigate CVD risk. Additional interventions to address CVD risk among human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations are likely to be needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.