ReviewBioMed research international2016
Immunologic Changes Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.
Review in BioMed research international, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Rituximab as Adjunctive Therapy to Immunosuppressive Agents in Adult Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Integrated bioinformatics and machine learning reveal key genes and immune mechanisms associated with uremia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A new era in the treatment of kidney diseases: NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine-targeted therapies.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- The role of B lymphocyte subsets in nephrotic syndrome: functions, mechanisms, clinical significance and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- The Role of Rituximab in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis of the Adult.Kidney international reports · 2022Article
- Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Expanded renal lymphatics improve recovery following kidney injury.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Chronic Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Role of Nrf2.Kidney international reports · 2021Review
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in adult frequent-relapsing or steroid-dependent minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical kidney journal · 2021Review
- The level of transforming growth factor-β as a possible predictor of cyclophosphamide response in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.BioMedicine · 2021Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Sparsentan Compared With Irbesartan in Patients With Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Randomized, Controlled Trial Design (DUET).Kidney international reports · 2017Article
- Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2017Review
- Unsuccessful Treatment with Abatacept in Recurrent Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis after Kidney Transplantation.Case reports in nephrology and dialysisArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a histological pattern on renal biopsy caused by diverse mechanisms. In its primary form, a circulatory factor is implicated in disease onset and recurrence. The natural history of primary FSGS is unpredictable, since some patients are unresponsive towards immunosuppressive measures. Immunologic changes, leading to a proinflammatory or profibrotic milieu, have been implicated in disease progression, namely, glomerular scarring, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease. Among these, interleukin-1ß, tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) have emerged as important factors. Translating these findings into clinical practice dampened the enthusiasm, since both TNF-α and TGF-ß1 blockade failed to achieve significant control of the disease. More recently, a role of the complement system has been demonstrated which in fact may be another attractive target in clinical practice. Rituximab, blocking CD20-bearing cells, demonstrated conflicting data regarding efficacy in FSGS. Finally, the T-cell costimulating molecule B7-1 (CD80) is implicated in development of proteinuria in general. Blockade of this target demonstrated significant benefits in a small cohort of resistant patients. Taken together, this review focuses on immunology of FSGS, attributable to either the disease or progression, and discusses novel therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting immunologic factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.