ReviewTremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)2016
Essential Tremor: What We Can Learn from Current Pharmacotherapy.
Review in Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04692844 (The Mechanism of Tremor Modulating Properties of Propranolol and Primidone in Essential Tremor), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Mechanism of Tremor Modulating Properties of Propranolol and Primidone in Essential Tremor: A Study With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Eye Blink Classical Conditioning Paradigm
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- GWAS meta-analysis reveals key risk loci in essential tremor pathogenesis.Communications biology · 2024Pooled it
- Differential effects of propranolol on head and upper limb tremor in patients with essential tremor and dystonia.Journal of neurology · 2018Trial
- Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Semi-Automated and Automated Acoustic Quantification of Vocal Tremor Characteristics.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- Anesthesia Management for High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Thalamotomy for Movement Disorders: A Case Series from the National University Hospital of the Philippines.Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- Essential tremor amplitude modulation by median nerve stimulation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- β-Blocker-Induced Tremor.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- Clinical applications of neurochemical and electrophysiological measurements for closed-loop neurostimulation.Neurosurgical focus · 2020Article
- Anti-Tremor Action of Subtype Selective Positive Allosteric Modulators of GABACerebellum (London, England) · 2020Article
- Do We Belittle Essential Tremor by Calling It a Syndrome Rather Than a Disease? Yes.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Current Opinions and Consensus for Studying Tremor in Animal Models.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2019Review
- Successful Treatment of Primary Orthostatic Tremor Using Perampanel.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- White matter measures correlate with essential tremor severity-A pilot diffusion tensor imaging study.Brain and behavior · 2018Article
- Computational modeling to improve treatments for essential tremor.Drug discovery today. Disease models · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe pathophysiology of essential tremor, especially at the cellular level, is poorly understood. Although no drug has been specifically designed to treat essential tremor, several medications improve tremor, and others worsen it. Studying the mechanism of actions of these medications can help our understanding of tremor pathophysiology and contribute to future rational drug design.
methodsWe reviewed literature, concentrating on mechanisms of action, of various medications that mitigate tremor.
resultsMany medications have multiple mechanisms of actions, making simple correlations difficult. Medications that increase the duration of opening of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors are most consistently associated with tremor improvement. Interestingly, drugs that increase GABA availability have not been associated with improved tremor. Other mechanisms possibly associated with tremor improvement include antagonism of alpha-2 delta subunits associated with calcium channels, inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, and inhibition of the synaptic vesicle protein 2A. Drugs that block voltage-gaited sodium channels do not affect tremor. The ideal beta-adrenergic blocker requires B2 affinity (non-cardiac selective), has no sympathomimetic properties, does not require membrane stabilization properties, and may benefit from good central nervous system penetration. DISCUSSION: To date, serendipitous observations have provided most of our understanding of tremor cellular physiology. Based on similarities to currently effective drugs or rational approximations and inferences, several currently available agents should be considered for tremor trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.