ReviewTremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)2016
Clinical Spectrum of Stiff Person Syndrome: A Review of Recent Reports.
Review in Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stiff Person Syndrome: Bridging Neuroimmunology and Rehabilitation for Improved Patient Outcomes.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Stiff-Person Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of a Rare Disease with Emphasis on Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Advances.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2026Review
- Status Spasticus in Stiff-Person Syndrome.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
- Cancer-related movement disorders: A scoping review and diagnostic approach.Neuro-oncology practice · 2025Review
- Stiff Person Syndrome: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Machine learning characterization of a rare neurologic disease via electronic health records: a proof-of-principle study on stiff person syndrome.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a pediatric case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2024Review
- Autoimmune diseases of the spine and spinal cord.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Review
- Paraneoplastic stiff-person syndrome with lung cancer: a case report and literature review.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- An update on malignant tumor-related stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders: clinical mechanism, treatment, and outcomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: growing spectrum and relevance.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- Peptide Antibody Reactivity to Homologous Regions in Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoforms and Coxsackievirus B4 P2C.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Stiff-person syndrome with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: a case report and literature review.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: an evolving story.Neuro-oncology practice · 2021Review
- Clinical spectrum of high-titre GAD65 antibodies.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2021Article
- Management of refractory pain in Stiff-Person syndrome.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Stiff-Person Syndrome: Seeing Past Comorbidities to Reach the Correct Diagnosis.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2021Article
- Retinal pathology occurs in stiff-person syndrome.Neurology · 2020Article
- Exogenous Insulin Injection-Induced Stiff-Person Syndrome in a Patient With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes: A Case Report and Literature Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background"Classic" stiff person syndrome (SPS) features stiffness, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies, and other findings. Anti-GAD antibodies are also detected in some neurological syndromes (such as ataxia) in which stiffness is inconsistently present. Patients with otherwise "classic" SPS may either lack anti-GAD antibodies or be seropositive for others. Hence, SPS cases appear to fall within a clinical spectrum that includes conditions such as progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), which exhibits brainstem and autonomic features. We have compiled herein SPS-spectrum cases reported since 2010, and have segregated them on the basis of likely disease mechanism (autoimmune, paraneoplastic, or cryptogenic) for analysis.
methodsThe phrases "stiff person syndrome", "PERM", "anti-GAD antibody syndrome", and "glycine receptor antibody neurological disorders" were searched for in PubMed in January 2015. The results were narrowed to 72 citations after excluding non-English and duplicate reports. Clinical descriptions, laboratory data, management, and outcomes were categorized, tabulated, and analyzed.
resultsSixty-nine autoimmune, 19 paraneoplastic, and 13 cryptogenic SPS-spectrum cases were identified. SPS was the predominant diagnosis among the groups. Roughly two-thirds of autoimmune and paraneoplastic cases were female. Anti-GAD antibodies were most frequently identified, followed by anti-amphiphysin among paraneoplastic cases and by anti-glycine receptor antibodies among autoimmune cases. Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used medications. Prognosis seemed best for cryptogenic cases; malignancy worsened that of paraneoplastic cases. DISCUSSION: Grouping SPS-spectrum cases by pathophysiology provided insights into work-up, treatment, and prognosis. Ample phenotypic and serologic variations are present within the categories. Ruling out malignancy and autoimmunity is appropriate for suspected SPS-spectrum cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.