ArticleCardiorenal medicine2016
Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking Are Associated with Future Development of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults.
Article in Cardiorenal medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors.Transplantation · 2017Guideline
- Higher oxidative balance score is linearly associated with reduced prevalence of chronic kidney disease in individuals with metabolic syndrome: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Changes in metabolic syndrome status affect the incidence of end-stage renal disease in the general population: a nationwide cohort study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Patient Perspectives on Weight Management for Living Kidney Donation.The Journal of surgical research · 2019Article
- Gender specific association of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D with metabolic syndrome in population with preserved renal function.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Insulin Resistance in Kidney Disease: Is There a Distinct Role Separate from That of Diabetes or Obesity?Cardiorenal medicine · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) and smoking have been identified as risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cross-sectional studies in various age groups, but longitudinal data on progression of CKD in older adults are limited. Our objectives were to examine whether MetS and its components and smoking predict the onset of CKD stage 3b (CKD-3b) in older adults.
methodsA subset of participants of the Einstein Aging Study who were free of diabetes, dementia, and CKD-3b at enrollment were included in this analysis. CKD-3b was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Cox proportional hazards models were used in these analyses.
resultsIn total, 413 ≥70-year-old individuals were eligible for this study. 65.4% were female and 26.6% were black. 22.3% of the participants had MetS at baseline, 4.4% were active smokers, and 6.1% developed CKD-3b over a mean of 4 years of follow-up. MetS and smoking independently predicted incident CKD in our fully adjusted model (hazard ratio 3.65, 95% CI 1.20-10.60, p = 0.022; hazard ratio 29.69, 95% CI 4.47-197.23, p = 0.000).
conclusionMetS and smoking are associated with an increased incidence of CKD-3b. These risk factors are modifiable, easily identified and prevented through better health care practice and early diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.