ReviewPsychopharmacology2016
Is it time for immunopsychiatry in psychotic disorders?
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biofluid Biomarkers of Cognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review by the Targeting Cognition and Older-Age Bipolar Disorder ISBD Task Forces.Bipolar disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Charting the proteome landscape in major psychiatric disorders: From biomarkers to biological pathways towards drug discovery.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Perinatal Risk Factors, Allergic Conditions and Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Inflammation, childhood trauma, and symptom dimensions in schizophrenia: a path-analysis study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- From Childhood Woes to Adult Blues: Unmasking the Role of Early Traumas, P2X7 Receptor, and Neuroinflammation in Anxiety and Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Serum autoantibodies against α7-nicotinic receptors in subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: clinical features and link with peripheral inflammation.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- A statistical method for image-mediated association studies discovers genes and pathways associated with four brain disorders.American journal of human genetics · 2024Article
- The Translational Future of Stress Neurobiology and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Review of the Evidence.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Review
- Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cognitive Functions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Its Relationship with Oxidative Metabolism.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2023Article
- Exploration of the relationship between hippocampus and immune system in schizophrenia based on immune infiltration analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A Reflection Upon the Contribution of Retinal and Cortical Electrophysiology to Time of Information Processing in Psychiatric Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Peripheral biomarkers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Genetic, inflammation and stress perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Psychotropics and COVID-19: An analysis of safety and prophylaxis.L'Encephale · 2021Article
- HLA-E circulating and genetic determinants in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The future of immunopsychiatry: Three milestones to clinical innovation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImmune dysregulation is suggested to play an important aetiological role in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) potentially driving neurodevelopmental pathways. Immune dysfunction may precede the onset of psychiatric disorders and parallel the development of multiaxial comorbidity, including suicidal behaviour and metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Depicting the source of the chronic low-grade inflammatory component in SZ and BD is thus a research priority. Strong environmental insults early in life, such as infections, acting on a background of genetic vulnerability, may induce potent and enduring inflammatory responses setting a state of liability to second-hit environmental encounters, namely childhood trauma, drug abuse or additional infectious exposures. The immunogenetic background of susceptibility, suggested to be not only lying within the HLA locus but also implicating inherited deficits of the innate immune system, may amplify the harmful biological effects of infections/psychosocial stress leading to the manifestation of a broad range of psychiatric symptoms.
objectivesThe present review aims to discuss the following: (i) biological arguments in favour of a chronic low-grade inflammation in SZ and BD and its potential origin in the interaction between the immunogenetic background and environmental infectious insults, and (ii) the consequences of this inflammatory dysfunction by focusing on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies and activation of the family of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs).
conclusionsSpecific therapeutic approaches targeting immune pathways may lead the way to novel personalized medical interventions, improvement of quality of life and average life expectancy of psychiatric patients, if not even prevent mood episodes and psychotic symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.