Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26988602›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2016

EGFR targeted nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates for photodynamic therapy in a pre-clinical model of head and neck cancer.

Pieter B A A van Driel, Martin C Boonstra, Maxime D Slooter, Raimond Heukers, Marieke A Stammes, Thomas J A Snoeks, Henriette S de Bruijn, Paul J van Diest, Alexander L Vahrmeijer, Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen and 4 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 165 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  6. Advances in Nanobody-Based Platforms for Precision Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2025
    Review
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Pieter B A A van DrielDepartment of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Percuros BV, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
Martin C BoonstraDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Maxime D SlooterDepartment of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Percuros BV, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
Raimond HeukersMolecular Oncology, Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Marieke A StammesDepartment of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Percuros BV, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
Thomas J A SnoeksDepartment of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henriette S de BruijnDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Paul J van DiestDepartment of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Alexander L VahrmeijerDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Paul M P van Bergen En HenegouwenMolecular Oncology, Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Cornelis J H van de VeldeDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Clemens W G M LöwikDepartment of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Dominic J RobinsonDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Sabrina OliveiraMolecular Oncology, Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.oliveira@uu.nl.
Leiden University Medical Center · NLUtrecht University · NLHeidelberg University · DE

Funding

European Research Council 677582
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces cell death through local light activation of a photosensitizer (PS) and has been used to treat head and neck cancers. Yet, common PS lack tumor specificity, which leads to collateral damage to normal tissues. Targeted delivery of PS via antibodies has pre-clinically improved tumor selectivity. However, antibodies have long half-lives and relatively poor tissue penetration, which could limit therapeutic efficacy and lead to long photosensitivity. Here, in this feasibility study, we evaluate at the pre-clinical level a recently introduced format of targeted PDT, which employs nanobodies as targeting agents and a water-soluble PS (IRDye700DX) that is traceable through optical imaging. In vitro, the PS solely binds to cells and induces phototoxicity on cells overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), when conjugated to the EGFR targeted nanobodies. To investigate whether this new format of targeted PDT is capable of inducing selective tumor cell death in vivo, PDT was applied on an orthotopic mouse tumor model with illumination at 1h post-injection of the nanobody-PS conjugates, as selected from quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. In parallel, and as a reference, PDT was applied with an antibody-PS conjugate, with illumination performed 24h post-injection. Importantly, EGFR targeted nanobody-PS conjugates led to extensive tumor necrosis (approx. 90%) and almost no toxicity in healthy tissues, as observed through histology 24h after PDT. Overall, results show that these EGFR targeted nanobody-PS conjugates are selective and able to induce tumor cell death in vivo. Additional studies are now needed to assess the full potential of this approach to improving PDT.

Indexed as

PhotochemotherapyAnimalsCarcinoma, Squamous CellCell Line, TumorCell SurvivalCoculture TechniquesErbB ReceptorsFemaleHumansIndolesLightMice, Inbred BALB CMice, NudeOrganosilicon CompoundsPhotosensitizing AgentsSingle-Domain AntibodiesEGFR protein, humanErbB ReceptorsIndolesIRDye700DX N-hydroxysuccinimide esterOrganosilicon CompoundsPhotosensitizing AgentsSingle-Domain AntibodiesEGFRHead and neck cancerNanobody or VHHPhotodynamic therapyQuantitative fluorescence spectroscopyTumor targeting

Identifiers

PMID26988602
PMCPMC7116242
OpenAlexW2296859605

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.