SynthesisBMJ open2016
Smoke-free homes: what are the barriers, motivators and enablers? A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Behaviour Change Techniques within Interventions to Reduce Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure for Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Establishing Smoke-Free Homes in the Indigenous Populations of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Evidence-based practices are effective in increasing smoke-free home rules among Black women who smoke.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2025Trial
- Examining Psychosocial Correlates of a Home Smoking Ban Among Low-income Smokers: Analysis of Social Support, Unmet Social Needs, Perceived Stress, and Depressive Symptoms.Journal of community health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Using In-Home Air Quality Monitoring to Reduce Cannabis Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Children: Quantitative Pilot Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure among patients with coronary heart disease in a tertiary Grade A hospital in China: A qualitative study of lived experience and sociocultural challenges.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Facilitators and barriers to implementing smoke-free homes in Armenia: a qualitative study.Global health promotion · 2025Article
- Perceived motivators and barriers to implementation of a smoke-free common area policy in multiunit housing in urban Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Smokefree home rules and susceptibility to cigarette and e-cigarette use in adolescents: the mediating role of attitudes.BMC public health · 2025Article
- COmmunities Facilitating incREasing Smoke-free Homes (CO-FRESH): co-developing a toolkit with local stakeholders in Indonesia and Malaysia.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Treatment of Lung Cancer in Women.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Article
- Adapting a brief smoke-free homes intervention for communities in Armenia and Georgia.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of smoke-free homes in 12 European countries: the TackSHS Survey.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Assessing second-hand smoke exposure among non-smoking youth in India: Insights from GATS I & II.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo thematically synthesise primary qualitative studies of the barriers, motivators and enablers of smoke-free homes (SFHs).
designSystematic review and thematic synthesis. DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE, EBM Reviews (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), PsycINFO, Global Health, CINAHL, Web of Science, Informit and EMBASE, combining terms for families, households and vulnerable populations; SFH and secondhand smoke; and qualitative research, were supplemented by searches of PhD theses, key authors, specialist journals and reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: We included 22 articles, reporting on 18 studies, involving 646 participants. INCLUSION CRITERIA: peer-reviewed; English language; published from 1990 onwards (to week 3 of April 2014); used qualitative data collection methods; explored participants' perspectives of home smoking behaviours; and the barriers, motivators and enablers to initiating and/or maintaining a SFH. DATA EXTRACTION: 1 of 3 authors extracted data with checking by a second. DATA SYNTHESIS: A thematic synthesis was performed to develop 7 core analytic themes: (1) knowledge, awareness and risk perception; (2) agency and personal skills/attributes; (3) wider community norms and personal moral responsibilities; (4) social relationships and influence of others; (5) perceived benefits, preferences and priorities; (6) addiction and habit; (7) practicalities.
conclusionsThis synthesis highlights the complexity faced by many households in having a SFH, the practical, social, cultural and personal issues that need to be addressed and balanced by households, and that while some of these are common across study settings, specific social and cultural factors play a critical role in shaping household smoking behaviours. The findings can inform policy and practice and the development of interventions aimed at increasing SFHs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42014014115.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.