ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2016
Substance use and HIV infection awareness among HIV-infected female sex workers in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and epidemiological distribution of substance use among people living with HIV in the East African region: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence of sociodemographic heterogeneity across the HIV treatment cascade and progress towards 90-90-90 in sub-Saharan Africa - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Pooled it
- HIV care and treatment experiences among female sex workers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.African journal of AIDS research : AJAR · 2016Pooled it
- Testing a systematically braided alcohol reduction and HIV status neutral intervention among people receiving STI care in Malawi: study protocol for a pilot hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Sexual violence affecting female sex workers in Côte d'Ivoire: prevalence, context, and associated mental health and substance use outcomes.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Drug use patterns and related factors among female sex workers in Iran in 2019-2020: results from Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance-III (IBBS-III).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Prevalence of depression, syndemic factors and their impact on viral suppression among female sex workers living with HIV in eThekwini, South Africa.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Alcohol use and associated risk factors among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Opportunities and considerations for the design of decentralized delivery of antiretroviral therapy for female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- The relationship between intimate partner violence and HIV outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV in Malawi.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2021Article
- Differences in Access to HIV Services and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Malawian Women at Social Venues Who Do and Do Not Engage in Sex Work.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Stigma, Social Support, and Sexual Behavior Among Female Sex Workers at Risk for HIV in Malawi.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2021Article
- Lifetime and past-month substance use and injection among street-based female sex workers in Iran.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Associations between alcohol use and HIV care cascade outcomes among adults undergoing population-based HIV testing in East Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Occupational barriers to accessing and adhering to antiretroviral therapy for female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2020Article
- Sexual practices, sexual behavior and HIV risk profile of key populations in Nigeria.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Drug use patterns and associated factors among female sex workers in Iran.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Achieving the first 90 for key populations in sub-Saharan Africa through venue-based outreach: challenges and opportunities for HIV prevention based on PLACE study findings from Malawi and Angola.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- Socioecological Factors Related to Hazardous Alcohol use among Female Sex Workers in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Mixed Methods Study.Substance use & misuse · 2018Article
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT and CAGE Questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a Traumatic Brain Injury Population.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV diagnosis, the first step in HIV care and treatment engagement, may be inhibited by substance use among female sex workers (FSW). We assessed the relationship between alcohol and cannabis use and lack of HIV infection awareness among HIV-infected FSW in Lilongwe, Malawi.
methodsFrom July to September, 2014, 200 FSW aged ≥18 years were enrolled using venue-based sampling to examine substance use, HIV testing history, and serostatus ascertained by HIV rapid test. We used Poisson regression with robust variance estimates to estimate the associations of alcohol and cannabis use and lack of HIV infection awareness.
resultsOf the 138 HIV-infected FSW, 20% were unaware of their HIV infection, with 70% not testing within 6 months prior. According to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Tests (AUDIT), 55% of FSW unaware of their HIV infection reported hazardous, harmful, or dependent alcohol consumption. We observed a dose-response relationship between alcohol use and lack of HIV infection awareness, with alcohol dependency significantly associated with lack of HIV infection awareness (adjusted prevalence ratio: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.8). Current cannabis use was uncommon (26%) among unaware HIV-infected FSW and weakly associated with lack of HIV infection awareness adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.5).
conclusionIncreased levels of alcohol use is associated with lack of HIV infection awareness among HIV-infected FSW in Malawi. Frequent, consistent HIV testing integrated with alcohol reduction strategies could improve the health and infection awareness of substance-using FSW.
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