SynthesisEnvironment international2016
Risk management of viral infectious diseases in wastewater reclamation and reuse: Review.
Synthesis in Environment international, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral Contaminants in a Philippine Wastewater Treatment Plant: Quantification and Treatment Reduction.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Comparative performance of activated sludge and waste stabilization ponds for the removal of pollutants and pathogens in full-scale wastewater treatment plants in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Influence of Ionic Surfactants on Microfiltration of Enveloped and Nonenveloped Viruses.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2025Article
- Presence of Potentially Infectious Human Enteric Viruses and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Mussels from the Campania Region, Italy: Implications for Consumer's Safety.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological surveillance of astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and enterovirus in sewage (2022-2023) in Giza, Egypt.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Removal capacities of wastewater treatment plants to minimize spread of enteroviruses.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Relative abundance and the fate of human rotavirus in wastewater during treatment processes: identification of potential infectious rotavirus in the final effluents and receiving aquatic milieu in Durban area, South Africa.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Article
- A soft-sensor approach for predicting an indicator virus removal efficiency of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR).Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- Quantification and Potential Viability of Human Noroviruses in Final Effluent from Wastewater Treatment Works in Pretoria, South Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Retention of Virus Versus Surrogate, by Ultrafiltration in Seawater: Case Study of Norovirus Versus Tulane.Food and environmental virology · 2024Review
- Wastewater contaminants in a fractured bedrock aquifer and their potential use as enteric virus indicators.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Removal performance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor, anaerobic-anoxic-oxic, and conventional activated sludge processes.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Multiple Novel Human Norovirus Recombinants Identified in Wastewater in Pretoria, South Africa by Next-Generation Sequencing.Viruses · 2022Article
- A safe haven of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Prevalence and potential transmission risks in the effluent, sludge, and biosolids.Geoscience frontiers · 2022Article
- Recent advances in aqueous virus removal technologies.Chemosphere · 2022Review
- Roadmap for Managing SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses in the Water Environment for Public Health.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inappropriate usage of reclaimed wastewater has caused outbreaks of viral infectious diseases worldwide. International and domestic guidelines for wastewater reuse stipulate that virus infection risks are to be regulated by the multiple-barrier system, in which a wastewater treatment process composed of sequential treatment units is designed based on the pre-determined virus removal efficiency of each unit. The objectives of this review were to calculate representative values of virus removal efficiency in wastewater treatment units based on published datasets, and to identify research topics that should be further addressed for improving implementation of the multiple-barrier system. The removal efficiencies of human noroviruses, rotaviruses and enteroviruses in membrane bioreactor (MBR) and conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes were obtained by a systematic review protocol and a meta-analysis approach. The log10 reduction (LR) of norovirus GII and enterovirus in MBR were 3.35 (95% confidence interval: 2.39, 4.30) and 2.71 (1.52, 3.89), respectively. The LR values of rotavirus, norovirus GI and GII in CAS processes were 0.87 (0.20, 1.53), 1.48 (0.96, 2.00) and 1.35 (0.52, 2.18), respectively. The systematic review process eliminated a substantial number of articles about virus removal in wastewater treatment because of the lack of information required for the meta-analysis. It is recommended that future publications should explicitly describe their treatment of left-censored datasets. Indicators, surrogates and methodologies appropriate for validating virus removal performance during daily operation of wastewater reclamation systems also need to be identified.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.