ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
High pneumococcal density correlates with more mucosal inflammation and reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity in infants.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza and other respiratory viruses: standardizing disease severity in surveillance and clinical trials.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2017Pooled it
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and clinical and demographic characteristics on pneumococcal carriage density in young children in Papua New Guinea, Lao PDR, and Mongolia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized neonates in Suzhou.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal density and respiratory co-detection in severe pediatric pneumonia in Laos.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Brazilian children: Interplay with viral co-infection.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effect of respiratory microflorae colonization on short and long-time outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: A scoping review.Pediatric discovery · 2024Review
- Synergism and Antagonism of Bacterial-Viral Coinfection in the Upper Respiratory Tract.mSphere · 2022Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F infection in respiratory syncytial virus infected neonatal lambs enhances morbidity.PloS one · 2021Article
- Influenza-like illness is associated with high pneumococcal carriage density in Malawian children.The Journal of infection · 2020Article
- Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density during Asymptomatic Respiratory Virus Infection and Risk for Subsequent Acute Respiratory Illness.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Effect of inactivatedToxicology reports · 2019Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx is associated with increased severity during respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2018Article
- Article
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone improves survival in pneumococcal pneumonia by reducing pulmonary inflammation.Physiological reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. A small percentage of the infected infants develops a severe infection, while most of these severely ill patients were previously healthy. It remains unclear why these children develop severe RSV infections. In this study, we investigate whether pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage patterns correlate with mucosal inflammation and severity of disease.
methodsIn total, 105 infants hospitalized with RSV infection were included and recovery samples were taken from 42 patients. The presence and density of Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined by RT qPCR to study its relation to viral load, inflammation (MMP-9 and IL-6) and severity of RSV disease.
resultsWe show that pneumococcal presence or absence in the nasopharynx does not correlate with viral load, inflammation or severity of disease. However, when pneumococcus is present in patients, a higher nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density was correlated with a higher RSV load, higher MMP-9 levels and a less severe course of disease.
conclusionsOur results show correlations between S. pneumoniae density and viral load, inflammation and disease severity, suggesting that pneumococcal density may be an indicator for severity in paediatric RSV disease.
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