ArticleCellular and molecular neurobiology2017
Time-Dependent Changes in Apoptosis Upon Autophagy Inhibition in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation.
Article in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of autophagy in spinal cord injury: Mechanisms, crosstalk, and therapeutic strategies.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II β Regulates Autophagy Dependent Ferroptosis of Neurons after Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Activating the AREG/JUN/ELAVL1 Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- MIF Inhibition by ISO-1 Decreased Autophagic Activity in Primary Astrocytes During Cobalt Chloride-Induced Hypoxia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Ischemic Stroke and the Biological Hallmarks of Aging.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Astrocyte-Neuronal Communication and Its Role in Stroke.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- The Dual Role of Autophagy in Postischemic Brain Neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Role of Circular RNAs in Ischemic Stroke.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Role of Autophagy Mediated by AMPK/DDiT4/mTOR Axis in HT22 Cells Under Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation.ACS omega · 2023Article
- The Emerging Role of Astrocytic Autophagy in Central Nervous System Disorders.Neurochemical research · 2022Article
- Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy Crosstalk: New Insights into Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The dual roles of autophagy and the GPCRs-mediating autophagy signaling pathway after cerebral ischemic stroke.Molecular brain · 2022Review
- Research progress on astrocyte autophagy in ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Inhibiting Autophagy Pathway of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Promotes Apoptosis in SK-N-SH Cell Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2022Article
- Activation of Delta-Opioid Receptor Protects ARPE19 Cells against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Necroptosis and Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Release of TNF-Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Autophagy and inflammation in ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2020Review
- The excretory/secretory products of fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces autophagy via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse brain astrocytes.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Delta Opioid Peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] Enkephalin (DADLE) Exerts a Cytoprotective Effect in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Inducing Autophagy.Cell transplantation · 2019Article
- The role of autophagy in acute brain injury: A state of flux?Neurobiology of disease · 2019Review
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Is Involved in Apoptosis in Rat Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation.BioMed research international · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the role of autophagy in brain ischemia pathophysiology. However, it remains unclear whether autophagy activation is protective or detrimental to astrocytes undergoing ischemic stress. This study evaluated the influence of ischemia-induced autophagy on cell death and the course of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes exposed to combined oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The role of autophagy was assessed by pharmacological inhibition with 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Cell viability was evaluated by measuring LDH release and through the use of the alamarBlue Assay. Apoptosis and necrosis were determined by fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst 33,342 and propidium iodide staining, respectively. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting. The downregulation of autophagy during OGD resulted in decreased cell viability and time-dependent changes in levels of apoptosis and necrosis. After short-term OGD (1, 4 h), cells treated with 3-MA showed higher level of cleaved caspase 3 compared with control cells. This result was consistent with an evaluation of apoptotic cell number by fluorescence microscopy. However, after prolonged exposure to OGD (8, 24 h), the number of apoptotic astrocytes (microscopically evaluated) did not differ or was even lower (as marked by caspase 3) in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor in comparison to the control. A higher level of necrosis was observed in 3-MA-treated cells compared to non-treated cells after 24 h OGD. The downregulation of autophagy caused time-dependent changes in both extrinsic (cleaved caspase 8, TNFα) and intrinsic (cleaved caspase 9) apoptotic pathways. Our results strongly indicate that the activation of autophagy in astrocytes undergoing ischemic stress is an adaptive mechanism, which allows for longer cell survival by delaying the initiation of apoptosis and necrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.