ArticlePloS one2016
Foxn1 Is Dynamically Regulated in Thymic Epithelial Cells during Embryogenesis and at the Onset of Thymic Involution.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05655000 (A First-in-Humans Supermicrosurgical Technique for the Neonatal Thymus Transplantation), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A First-in-Humans Supermicrosurgical Technique for the Neonatal Thymus Transplantation
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNA-binding proteins Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 protect against premature thymic involution.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Pitfalls and diagnostic challenges in TRECS-based newborn screening for Artemis, FOXN1 and Moesin deficiencies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence and organoids: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- An iPSC-based in vitro model recapitulates human thymic epithelial development and multi-lineage specification.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Thymus Ontogeny and Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Disruption of Notch signaling by KGF induces a developmental pause in thymocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Ins and Outs of Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Function.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Generation and repair of thymic epithelial cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Mechanisms underlying the direct programming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to thymic epithelial cells by FOXN1.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Nitric oxide-dependent immunosuppressive function of thymus-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells.Biology direct · 2023Article
- Foxn1 overexpression promotes thymic epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and mTEC maintenance, but does not prevent thymic involution.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Diversity in Cortical Thymic Epithelial Cells Occurs through Loss of a Foxn1-Dependent Gene Signature Driven by Stage-Specific Thymocyte Cross-Talk.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Thymic epithelial cell fate and potency in early organogenesis assessed by single cell transcriptional and functional analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Age-related thymic involution: Mechanisms and functional impact.Aging cell · 2022Review
- Article
- Key Factors for Thymic Function and Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Thymic Epithelial Cells and Generation of Thymic Organoids: Applications for Therapeutic Strategies Against APECED.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Multimodal human thymic profiling reveals trajectories and cellular milieu for T agonist selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thymus function requires extensive cross-talk between developing T-cells and the thymic epithelium, which consists of cortical and medullary TEC. The transcription factor FOXN1 is the master regulator of TEC differentiation and function, and declining Foxn1 expression with age results in stereotypical thymic involution. Understanding of the dynamics of Foxn1 expression is, however, limited by a lack of single cell resolution data. We have generated a novel reporter of Foxn1 expression, Foxn1G, to monitor changes in Foxn1 expression during embryogenesis and involution. Our data reveal that early differentiation and maturation of cortical and medullary TEC coincides with precise sub-lineage-specific regulation of Foxn1 expression levels. We further show that initiation of thymic involution is associated with reduced cTEC functionality, and proportional expansion of FOXN1-negative TEC in both cortical and medullary sub-lineages. Cortex-specific down-regulation of Foxn1 between 1 and 3 months of age may therefore be a key driver of the early stages of age-related thymic involution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.