ReviewNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey.
Review in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Predictors of Vaping Cessation Among Young People.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological monotherapies and e-cigarette on smoking cessation: a systemic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Use of Mentholated Cigarettes and Likelihood of Smoking Cessation in the United States: A Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Pooled it
- Economic Evaluation of Enhanced vs Standard Varenicline Treatment for Tobacco Cessation.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Cognitive behavioral therapy versus general health education for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial among diverse treatment seekers.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Trial
- Cluster Randomized Pragmatic Clinical Trial Testing Behavioral Economic Implementation Strategies to Improve Tobacco Treatment for Patients With Cancer Who Smoke.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- A randomised controlled trial testing acceptance of practitioner-referral versus self-referral to stop smoking services within the Lung Screen Uptake Trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- The effect of area-level disadvantage and race on smoking abstinence in a clinical trial.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Randomized controlled trial testing a video-text tobacco cessation intervention among economically disadvantaged African American adults.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Assessment of Racial Differences in Pharmacotherapy Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: Secondary Analysis of the EAGLES Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Using Nicotine Gum to Assist Nondaily Smokers in Quitting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Race moderates the effects of Motivational Interviewing on smoking cessation induction.Patient education and counseling · 2020Trial
- Long-term Results From the FRESH RCT: Sustained Reduction of Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Trial
- Pro-tobacco advertisement exposure among African American smokers: An ecological momentary assessment study.Addictive behaviors · 2018Trial
- Factors associated with the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments and predictors of smoking abstinence in EAGLES.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Trial
- Effects of a culturally specific tobacco cessation intervention among African American Quitline enrollees: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Improving tobacco dependence treatment outcomes for smokers of lower socioeconomic status: A randomized clinical trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Trial
- Effect of attentional retraining on cognition, craving, and smoking in African American smokers.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Trial
- Does menthol cigarette use moderate the effect of nicotine metabolism on short-term smoking cessation?Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWhile cigarette smoking prevalence is declining among US adults, quit rates may differ between white and African American smokers. Here, we summarize the literature on smoking cessation behaviors in whites and African Americans across four study designs and report the findings of new analyses of International Tobacco Control (ITC) US Survey cohort data.
methodsWe reviewed 32 publications containing 39 relevant analyses that compared quit attempts and abstinence between US whites and African Americans. Two additional longitudinal analyses were conducted on 821 white and 76 African American cigarette smokers from Waves 7 and 8 of the ITC US Survey (mean follow-up = 19 months).
resultsOf 17 total analyses of quit attempts, nine (including the ITC US Survey) observed that African American smokers were more likely than whites to attempt to quit during a given year; seven found no differences. Whites were more likely than African Americans to be abstinent in five of six retrospective cohort analyses and in two of five considered community- and population-based cohort studies. Four of these 11 analyses, including one from the ITC US Survey, found no differences.
conclusionsOf 11 population- or community-based analyses, all seven that found significant differences indicated that whites were more likely to quit than African Americans. These findings, combined with the similar results from population-based birth cohort analyses, support the conclusion that white smokers are more likely to quit than African American smokers. Efforts to encourage and support quitting among all tobacco users remain a priority. IMPLICATIONS: This article provides a review of the literature on smoking cessation among African American and white smokers, and adds new analyses that compare quit attempts and abstinence between US African Americans and whites. Results demonstrate a clear distinction between the findings of cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies with those of cohort studies. Reasons for these differences merit further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.