ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta2016
The inflammatory inception of gallbladder cancer.
Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemical carcinogen safety testing: OECD expert group international consensus on the development of an integrated approach for the testing and assessment of chemical non-genotoxic carcinogens.Archives of toxicology · 2020Guideline
- Benign Biliary Tumors and Precursor Neoplasms: An Updated Clinicopathological and Molecular Review Based on the 2026 WHO Classification.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- CLDN18 identifies high-risk precursor lesions in gallbladder carcinogenesis: A study of the TFF2⁺ pseudopyloric metaplasia to intestinal metaplasia axis.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Persistently Higher Ratio of Gallbladder Cancer Incidence in Native American People than in Non-Hispanic Whites: Selected United States Regions, 1962-2021.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Twenty-year temporal trends, risk profiles, and prognostic value of clinicopathological features in gallbladder cancer following cholecystectomy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Acute acalculous cholecystitis due toFrontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Prevalence of gallstone disease in India: insights from a community-based cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Identification of differentially expressed genes and associated immune cell types in South African gallbladder cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lysine acetyltransferase 2A-mediated succinylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase suppresses gallstone formation by inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Machine learning model for differentiating xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer in multicenter largescale study.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of preoperative serum tumor markers in gallbladder cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Risk factors and clinical characteristics of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux in benign gallbladder diseases.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and inflammatory markers associated with gallbladder dysplasia: A case-control analysis within a series of patients undergoing cholecystectomy.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex disparities in gallstone disease: insights from the MAUCO prospective population-based cohort study.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Spatial transcriptomics profiling of gallbladder adenocarcinoma: a detailed two-case study of progression from precursor lesions to cancer.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk Factors and Prognostic Factors in GBC.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a lethal disease with notable geographical variations worldwide and a predilection towards women. Its main risk factor is prolonged exposure to gallstones, although bacterial infections and other inflammatory conditions are also associated. The recurrent cycles of gallbladder epithelium damage and repair enable a chronic inflammatory environment that promotes progressive morphological impairment through a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma, along with cumulative genome instability. Inactivation of TP53, which is mutated in over 50% of GBC cases, seems to be the earliest and one of the most important carcinogenic pathways involved. Increased cell turnover and oxidative stress promote early alteration of TP53, cell cycle deregulation, apoptosis and replicative senescence. In this review, we will discuss evidence for the role of inflammation in gallbladder carcinogenesis obtained through epidemiological studies, genome-wide association studies, experimental carcinogenesis, morphogenetic studies and comparative studies with other inflammation-driven malignancies. The evidence strongly supports chronic, unresolved inflammation as the main carcinogenic mechanism of gallbladder cancer, regardless of the initial etiologic trigger. Given this central role of inflammation, evaluation of the potential for GBC prevention removing causes of inflammation or using anti-inflammatory drugs in high-risk populations may be warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.