ReviewEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2016
Influenza A and B co-infection: a case-control study and review of the literature.
Review in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune responses underpinning acute co-infections with unrelated viruses: timing and location matter.International immunology · 2025Review
- The added value of diagnostics to characterize age-specific patterns of respiratory viral infections and coinfections and to detect emerging threats.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Multiplex lateral flow test sensitivity and specificity in detecting influenza A, B and SARS-CoV-2 in adult patients in a UK emergency department.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2025Article
- Effect of Transmission and Vaccination on Time to Dominance of Emerging Viral Strains: A Simulation-Based Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Potential co-infection of influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus, andFrontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Epidemiological investigation of lower respiratory tract infections during influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus pandemic based on targeted next-generation sequencing.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 coinfection with additional respiratory virus does not predict severe disease: a retrospective cohort study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- A Mathematical Modeling Study: Assessing Impact of Mismatch Between Influenza Vaccine Strains and Circulating Strains in Hajj.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2021Article
- Influenza B Virus Infection Is Enhanced Upon Heterotypic Co-infection With Influenza A Virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Epidemiological Study of Influenza A, Influenza B, Enterovirus 71, and Coxsackievirus A16 Among Children in the Central Region of Zhejiang Province, China.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- Effects of pollution, low temperature and influenza syndrome on the excess mortality risk in winter 2016-2017.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Sequential, within-season infection with influenza A (H3N2) in a usually healthy vaccinated child.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Article
- A newly developed tetraplex real-time RT-PCR for simultaneous screening of influenza virus types A, B, C and D.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Article
- Atypical antibody responses to influenza.Journal of thoracic disease · 2018Review
- Selection on non-antigenic gene segments of seasonal influenza A virus and its impact on adaptive evolution.Virus evolution · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza virus infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality during winter seasons. Bacterial and virus co-infection is a commonly described situation in these patients. However, data on co-infection by influenza A and B viruses are lacking. In this study, we present the cases of co-infection by influenza A and B viruses during the winter season of 2014-2015 in our institution. We analyzed 2759 samples from 2111 patients and found that 625 samples corresponding to 609 patients were positive for influenza A or B virus. A total of 371 patients had influenza A, 228 had influenza B, and 10 (1.6 %) had influenza A and B virus detection in the same sample. The median age of co-infected patients was 78.6 years, and only one of the co-infected patients died because of the infection. Comparison with a control group of mono-infected patients revealed that co-infection was significantly associated with nosocomial acquisition [odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-19.25, p = 0.042]. However, co-infection was not associated with worse outcome, previous underlying condition, or vaccination status. Multivariate analysis revealed that co-infection was not an independent risk factor for death and that no single risk factor could predict co-infection.
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