ArticleAutophagy2016
The presence of LC3B puncta and HMGB1 expression in malignant cells correlate with the immune infiltrate in breast cancer.
Article in Autophagy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenic cell death as a cornerstone for combination therapies with immune checkpoint blockade.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Targeting metabolic-epigenetic-immune axis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
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- Mitochondria-targeted strategies in tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Annexin A1, calreticulin and high mobility group box 1 are elevated in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Does immunogenic cell death occur in multiple sclerosis?BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- The danger theory of immunity revisited.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Targeting immunogenic cell stress and death for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- The role of USP7-YY1 interaction in promoting colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- RAGE and its ligands in breast cancer progression and metastasis.Oncology reviews · 2024Review
- The interplay between autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling and its implications for cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
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- Mechanisms driving the immunoregulatory function of cancer cells.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Review
- Crosstalk between autophagy and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Inhibition of Galectin-9 sensitizes tumors to anthracycline treatment via inducing antitumor immunity.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting Both Autophagy and Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer Treatment.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Cancer cell autophagy, reprogrammed macrophages, and remodeled vasculature in glioblastoma triggers tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2022Article
- Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several cell-intrinsic alterations have poor prognostic features in human breast cancer, as exemplified by the absence of MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β)-positive puncta in the cytoplasm (which indicates reduced autophagic flux) or the loss of nuclear HMGB1 expression by malignant cells. It is well established that breast cancer is under strong immunosurveillance, as reflected by the fact that scarce infiltration of the malignant lesion by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes or comparatively dense infiltration by immunosuppressive cell types (such as FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells or CD68(+) tumor-associated macrophages), resulting in low CD8(+):FOXP3(+) or CD8(+):CD68(+) ratios, has a negative prognostic impact. Here, we reveal the surprising finding that cell-intrinsic features may influence the composition of the immune infiltrate in human breast cancer. Thus, the absence of LC3B puncta is correlated with intratumoral (but not peritumoral) infiltration by fewer CD8(+) cells and more FOXP3(+) or CD68(+) cells, resulting in a major drop in the CD8(+):FOXP3(+) or CD8(+):CD68(+) ratios. Moreover, absence of HMGB1 expression in nuclei correlated with a general drop in all immune effectors, in particular FOXP3(+) and CD68(+) cells, both within the tumor and close to it. Combined analysis of LC3B puncta and HMGB1 expression allowed for improved stratification of patients with respect to the characteristics of their immune infiltrate as well as overall and metastasis-free survival. It can be speculated that blocked autophagy in, or HMGB1 loss from, cancer cells may favor tumor progression due to their negative impact on anticancer immunosurveillance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.