ArticlePloS one2016
Income Related Inequality of Health Care Access in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The economic burden of treating uncomplicated hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Area-Level Correlates of Inpatient Care Self-Sufficiency in Subnational Health Planning Areas: A Disease-Stratified Ecological Study from Aichi Prefecture, Japan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Chart Review of Uninsured Encounters in a Primary Care Hospital in Japan.Cureus · 2026Article
- Unpaid Medical Expenses by Foreign Patients in Japan: A Scoping Review.JMA journal · 2026Review
- Impact of public assistance on long-term outcomes after hospitalization for acute heart failure.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Income-related inequalities in the association of obesity and periodontal disease: a register-based cross-sectional analysis in the Tokyo metropolitan districts.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in colorectal cancer oncologic emergencies: a nationwide multilevel analysis in Japan.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Association Between Area-Level Deprivation and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among the Adult Population in Russia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Modifiable risk factors of inequalities in hypertension: analysis of 100 million health checkups recipients.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Access, autonomy, and affordability: ethical and human rights issues surrounding multigene panel testing for cancer in Japan and Switzerland.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Scoping review of outpatient health services utilization among women.Primary health care research & development · 2023Article
- Association between Poverty and Refraining from Seeking Medical Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between infant mortality and parental educational level: An analysis of data from Vital Statistics and Census in Japan.PloS one · 2023Article
- Association of Esophageal Cancer Mortality with Municipal Socioeconomic Deprivation Level in Japan, 2013-2017: An Ecological Study Using Nationwide Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Difference in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors depending on area-level deprivation in Japan.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Corrected and Republished from: Socioeconomic Predictors of Trends in Cancer Mortality Among Municipalities in Japan, 2010-2019.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- The Lifelong Health Support 10: a Japanese prescription for a long and healthy life.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2022Review
- Analysis of the regional difference in the number of multi-drug prescriptions and its predictors in Japan, 2015-2018.BMC research notes · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze the association between income level and health care access in Japan. Data from a total of 222,259 subjects (age range, 0-74 years) who submitted National Health Insurance claims in Chiba City from April 2012 to March 2014 and who declared income for the tax period from January 1 to December 31, 2012 were integrated and analyzed. The generalized estimating equation, in which household was defined as a cluster, was used to evaluate the association between equivalent income and utilization and duration of hospitalization and outpatient care services. A significant positive linear association was observed between income level and outpatient visit rates among all age groups of both sexes; however, a significantly higher rate and longer period of hospitalization, and longer outpatient care, were observed among certain lower income subgroups. To control for decreased income due to hospitalization, subjects hospitalized during the previous year were excluded, and the data was then reanalyzed. Significant inverse associations remained in the hospitalization rate among 40-59-year-old men and 60-69-year-old women, and in duration of hospitalization among 40-59 and 60-69-year-olds of both sexes and 70-74-year-old women. These results suggest that low-income individuals in Japan have poorer access to outpatient care and more serious health conditions than their higher income counterparts.
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