Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26978068›Full record

ArticlePloS one2016

Biofilm Morphotypes and Population Structure among Staphylococcus epidermidis from Commensal and Clinical Samples.

Llinos G Harris, Susan Murray, Ben Pascoe, James Bray, Guillaume Meric, Leonardos Mageiros, Thomas S Wilkinson, Rose Jeeves, Holger Rohde, Stefan Schwarz and 8 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  5. The Evolution of Symbiosis inBiomolecules · 2026
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  6. Methicillin-sensitiveMicrobial genomics · 2025
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  7. Biofilm formation and role of other pathogenic factors in the virulence ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
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  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Discovery of Novel Resistance Mechanisms ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  11. Clonal Spreading of ST42International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Heterogeneity of Staphylococcus epidermidis in prosthetic joint infections: time to reevaluate microbiological criteria?European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022
    Article
  18. Review
  19. High-Resolution Typing ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2021
    Article
  20. Frontiers in microbiology · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Llinos G HarrisMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Susan MurrayMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Ben PascoeMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
James BrayDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Guillaume MericMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Leonardos MageirosMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Thomas S WilkinsonMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Rose JeevesMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Holger RohdeInstitut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie & Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Stefan SchwarzInstitute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
Herminia de LencastreLaboratory for Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
Maria MiragaiaLaboratory for Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
Joana RoloLaboratory for Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
Rory BowdenThe Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Keith A JolleyDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Martin C J MaidenDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Dietrich MackMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Samuel K SheppardMedical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Swansea University · GBInstituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica · PTUniversity of Oxford · GBCentre for Human Genetics · GBFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut · DEUniversität Hamburg · DE

Funding

Medical Research Council G0801929Medical Research Council MR/L015080/1Medical Research Council MR/M501608/1Wellcome Trust 087622Wellcome Trust 088786/C/09/ZWellcome Trust 090532/Z/09/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial species comprise related genotypes that can display divergent phenotypes with important clinical implications. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common cause of nosocomial infections and, critical to its pathogenesis, is its ability to adhere and form biofilms on surfaces, thereby moderating the effect of the host's immune response and antibiotics. Commensal S. epidermidis populations are thought to differ from those associated with disease in factors involved in adhesion and biofilm accumulation. We quantified the differences in biofilm formation in 98 S. epidermidis isolates from various sources, and investigated population structure based on ribosomal multilocus typing (rMLST) and the presence/absence of genes involved in adhesion and biofilm formation. All isolates were able to adhere and form biofilms in in vitro growth assays and confocal microscopy allowed classification into 5 biofilm morphotypes based on their thickness, biovolume and roughness. Phylogenetic reconstruction grouped isolates into three separate clades, with the isolates in the main disease associated clade displaying diversity in morphotype. Of the biofilm morphology characteristics, only biofilm thickness had a significant association with clade distribution. The distribution of some known adhesion-associated genes (aap and sesE) among isolates showed a significant association with the species clonal frame. These data challenge the assumption that biofilm-associated genes, such as those on the ica operon, are genetic markers for less invasive S. epidermidis isolates, and suggest that phenotypic characteristics, such as adhesion and biofilm formation, are not fixed by clonal descent but are influenced by the presence of various genes that are mobile among lineages.

Indexed as

BiofilmsCross InfectionHumansPhylogenyStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus epidermidis

Identifiers

PMID26978068
PMCPMC4792440
OpenAlexW2302162347

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.