Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26977404›Full record

ArticleInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife2016

Sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs.

Ximena E Bernal, C Miguel Pinto

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Mixed-species assemblages and disease: the importance of differential vector and parasite attraction in transmission dynamics.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
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  11. The dual benefits of synchronized mating signals in a Japanese treefrog: attracting mates and manipulating predators.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Ximena E BernalDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama.
C Miguel PintoSackler Institute for Comparative Genomics and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA; Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20004, USA.
National Museum of Natural History · USSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute · PA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trypanosomes are a diverse group of protozoan parasites of vertebrates transmitted by a variety of hematophagous invertebrate vectors. Anuran trypanosomes and their vectors have received relatively little attention even though these parasites have been reported from frog and toad species worldwide. Blood samples collected from túngara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus), a Neotropical anuran species heavily preyed upon by eavesdropping frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp.), were examined for trypanosomes. Our results revealed sexual differences in trypanosome prevalence with female frogs being rarely infected (<1%). This finding suggests this protozoan parasite may be transmitted by frog-biting midges that find their host using the mating calls produced by male frogs. Following previous anuran trypanosome studies, we examined 18S ribosomal RNA gene to characterize and establish the phylogenetic relationship of the trypanosome species found in túngara frogs. A new species of giant trypanosome, Trypanosoma tungarae n. sp., is described in this study. Overall the morphometric data revealed that the trypomastigotes of T. tungarae n. sp. are similar to other giant trypanosomes such as Trypanosoma rotatorium and Trypanosoma ranarum. Despite its slender and long cell shape, however, 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that T. tungarae n. sp. is sister to the rounded-bodied giant trypanosome, Trypanosoma chattoni. Therefore, morphological convergence explains similar morphology among members of two non-closely related groups of trypanosomes infecting frogs. The results from this study underscore the value of coupling morphological identification with molecular characterization of anuran trypanosomes.

Indexed as

CorethrellaEngystomops pustulosusFrog-biting midgesPanamáPhysalaemusSpecies delimitationTrypanosome phylogeny

Identifiers

PMID26977404
PMCPMC4781969
OpenAlexW2283745817

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.