ArticleScientific reports2016
Dioxins reformation and destruction in secondary copper smelting fly ash under ball milling.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Mechanochemical treatment of fly ash and de novo testing of milled fly ash.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Mechanochemical mineralization of "very persistent" fluorocarbon surfactants ‒ 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2FTS) as an example.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Energy transfer and kinetics in mechanochemistry.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- De novo formation of dioxins from milled model fly ash.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Formation of brominated and chlorinated dioxins and its prevention during a pilot test of mechanochemical treatment of PCB and PBDE contaminated soil.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secondary copper recovery is attracting increasing interest because of the growth of copper containing waste including e-waste. The pyrometallurgical treatment in smelters is widely utilized, but it is known to produce waste fluxes containing a number of toxic pollutants due to the large amount of copper involved, which catalyses the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans ("dioxins"). Dioxins are generated in secondary copper smelters on fly ash as their major source, resulting in highly contaminated residues. In order to assess the toxicity of this waste, an analysis of dioxin-like compounds was carried out. High levels were detected (79,090 ng TEQ kg(-1)) in the ash, above the Basel Convention low POPs content (15,000 ng TEQ kg(-1)) highlighting the hazardousness of this waste. Experimental tests of high energy ball milling with calcium oxide and silica were executed to assess its effectiveness to detoxify such fly ash. Mechanochemical treatment obtained 76% dioxins reduction in 4 h, but longer milling time induced a partial de novo formation of dioxins catalysed by copper. Nevertheless, after 12 h treatment the dioxin content was substantially decreased (85% reduction) and the copper, thanks to the phenomena of incorporation and amorphization that occur during milling, was almost inactivated.
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