Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26975356›Full record

ArticleActa neuropathologica2016

Vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid into and out of the brain.

Alan W J Morris, Matthew MacGregor Sharp, Nazira J Albargothy, Rute Fernandes, Cheryl A Hawkes, Ajay Verma, Roy O Weller, Roxana O Carare

Open access · hybridAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Acta neuropathologica, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
174citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
17.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

174 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 291 citations in OpenAlex.

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114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Alan W J MorrisFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Matthew MacGregor SharpFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Nazira J AlbargothyFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Rute FernandesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Cheryl A HawkesOpen University, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.
Ajay VermaBiogen, Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Roy O WellerFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
Roxana O CarareFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK. rcn@soton.ac.uk.
Southampton General Hospital · GBUniversity of Southampton · GBBiogen (United States) · USThe Open University · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/K015540/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the absence of conventional lymphatics, drainage of interstitial fluid and solutes from the brain parenchyma to cervical lymph nodes is along basement membranes in the walls of cerebral capillaries and tunica media of arteries. Perivascular pathways are also involved in the entry of CSF into the brain by the convective influx/glymphatic system. The objective of this study is to differentiate the cerebral vascular basement membrane pathways by which fluid passes out of the brain from the pathway by which CSF enters the brain. Experiment 1: 0.5 µl of soluble biotinylated or fluorescent Aβ, or 1 µl 15 nm gold nanoparticles was injected into the mouse hippocampus and their distributions determined at 5 min by transmission electron microscopy. Aβ was distributed within the extracellular spaces of the hippocampus and within basement membranes of capillaries and tunica media of arteries. Nanoparticles did not enter capillary basement membranes from the extracellular spaces. Experiment 2: 2 µl of 15 nm nanoparticles were injected into mouse CSF. Within 5 min, groups of nanoparticles were present in the pial-glial basement membrane on the outer aspect of cortical arteries between the investing layer of pia mater and the glia limitans. The results of this study and previous research suggest that cerebral vascular basement membranes form the pathways by which fluid passes into and out of the brain but that different basement membrane layers are involved. The significance of these findings for neuroimmunology, Alzheimer's disease, drug delivery to the brain and the concept of the Virchow-Robin space are discussed.

Indexed as

ActinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsBasement MembraneBiotinylationBlood VesselsCerebrospinal FluidCisterna MagnaExtracellular SpaceFluorescent DyesHippocampusLamininMaleMetal NanoparticlesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLActinsAmyloid beta-Peptidesamyloid beta-protein (1-42)Fluorescent DyesLamininPeptide FragmentsAlzheimer’s diseaseAmyloid-βArteriesBasement membranesCapillariesDrug deliveryLymphatic drainageNanoparticles neuroimmunologyVirchow–Robin space

Identifiers

PMID26975356
PMCPMC4835509
OpenAlexW2298591538

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.