ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2016
Bacterial Density, Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Pneumococcal Strains from the Nasopharynx of Peruvian Children Before and After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 7.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The direct and indirect effects of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine on carriage rates in children aged younger than 5 years in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in a High-risk Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial of 10-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Papua New Guinean Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Pandemic Social Distancing and Declines in Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcus and Related Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes: Evidence From Household-Based Cohort Studies in Lima, Peru.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Fluorescent antibody-based detection and ultrastructural analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in human sputum.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- The Crisis of Macrolide Resistance in Pneumococci in Latin America.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Review
- Increase of Macrolide-Resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Prophylactic Inhibition of Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae with the Secondary Bile Acid Metabolite Deoxycholic Acid.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Rapid Changes in Nasopharyngeal Antibiotic Resistance Gene Profiles After Short Courses of Antibiotics in a Pilot Study of Ambulatory Young Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the carriage density ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Associations between ethnicity, social contact, and pneumococcal carriage three years post-PCV10 in Fiji.Vaccine · 2020Article
- Association of Laboratory Methods, Colonization Density, and Age With Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Nasopharynx.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density during Asymptomatic Respiratory Virus Infection and Risk for Subsequent Acute Respiratory Illness.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- High Frequency of Macrolide-ResistantTanaffos · 2019Article
- High rate of antibiotic resistance among pneumococci carried by healthy children in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.BMC pediatrics · 2018Article
- Early Declines in Vaccine Type Pneumococcal Carriage in Children Less Than 5 Years Old After Introduction of 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Mozambique.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Article
- Dynamics of Bacterial Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis During Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Observational
- Dynamics of Colonization ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Competitive Dominance within Biofilm Consortia Regulates the Relative Distribution of Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Density.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density and Evolution of Acute Respiratory Illnesses in Young Children, Peru, 2009-2011.Emerging infectious diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have decreased nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine types but little data exist from rural areas. We investigated bacterial density, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of pneumococcal strains within the nasopharynx of young children in the Peruvian Andes, 2 years after PCV7 was introduced.
methodsPneumococcal strains were isolated from a subset of 125 children from our Peruvian cohort, who entered the study in 2009 and had pneumococcus detected in the nasopharynx in both 2009 and during follow-up in 2011. Strains were Quellung serotyped and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics. Bacterial density was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
resultsThe prevalence of PCV7 strains decreased from 48% in 2009 to 28.8% in 2011, whereas non-PCV7 types increased from 52% to 71.2% (P = 0.002). There was a 3.5-fold increase in carriage of serotype 6C in 2011 (P = 0.026). Vaccination with PCV7 did not affect pneumococcal density in children colonized by a PCV7 type but did increase density in those colonized with a non-PCV7 type. Antibiotic resistance did not change after vaccine introduction; strains were nonsusceptible to tetracycline (97.2%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (56.4%), penicillin (34%), erythromycin (22.4%), chloramphenicol (18.8%) and clindamycin (12.4%).
conclusionsSerotype replacement was observed post-PCV7 vaccination with a concomitant, not previously recognized, increased nasopharyngeal density.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.